山东省现代海洋渔业绿色低碳发展现状及对策研究

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Modern Marine Fisheries in Shandong Province

摘要: “双碳”目标背景下，海洋蓝碳是沿海地区对冲工业碳排放、推动渔业绿色转型的关键载体。山东省渔业产业规模位居全国首位，依托黄渤海资源优势建成规模化海洋牧场集群，大力推广立体生态混养、深远海低碳养殖模式，在全国率先开展海洋碳汇贷、碳普惠等蓝碳金融创新，配套出台海洋经济专项规划，陆海协同管控机制逐步落地，养殖、加工、文旅融合的低碳渔业新业态初步成形。本文选取威海荣成桑沟湾贝藻参立体碳汇养殖、烟台长岛海草床碳汇质押贷款两大典型案例，剖析两类碳汇渔业模式的运行机制、实践成效与规模化推广梗阻。研究发现，山东海洋渔业低碳发展仍存在养殖空间与产业结构失衡、渔业蓝碳核算及市场交易体系不完善、低碳科技成果转化缓慢、陆海跨部门协同治理效能不足、面向小微经营主体的蓝碳金融与人才保障机制短板突出等问题。立足山东沿海差异化资源禀赋，本文从统一蓝碳计量交易体系、全产业链低碳科技升级、深化陆海一体化生态治理、完善金融人才政策综合保障四个维度提出优化路径，以期同步实现水产品稳产保供、滨海蓝碳扩容、沿海渔民增收多重目标，为我国北方沿海省份海洋渔业绿色低碳高质量发展提供实践参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the “Dual Carbon” goals, marine blue carbon serves as a vital carrier for coastal regions to offset industrial carbon emissions and advance the green transformation of fisheries. Shandong Province boasts the largest fishery industry nationwide. Relying on the resource advantages of the Yellow and Bohai Seas, it has built large-scale marine ranch clusters, vigorously popularized three-dimensional ecological polyculture and low-carbon deep-sea aquaculture models, and taken the lead nationwide in launching blue carbon financial innovations including marine carbon sink loans and carbon inclusive finance. Special plans for marine economy have been issued as supporting policies, coordinated land-marine governance mechanisms have been gradually implemented, and new low-carbon fishery formats integrating breeding, processing and cultural tourism have taken initial shape. This paper selects two typical cases: the three-dimensional carbon sink aquaculture of shellfish, algae and sea cucumbers in Sanggou Bay, Rongcheng, Weihai, and the seagrass bed carbon sink pledge loans in Changdao, Yantai. It analyzes the operating mechanisms, practical effects and obstacles to large-scale promotion of the two carbon sink fishery models. The study reveals that the low-carbon development of marine fisheries in Shandong is still plagued by a series of problems, namely unbalanced aquaculture space and industrial structure, imperfect accounting and market trading systems for fishery blue carbon, slow transformation of low-carbon scientific and technological achievements, low efficiency of cross-departmental coordinated land-marine governance, and prominent deficiencies in blue carbon finance and talent support mechanisms targeting small and micro business entities. Based on the differentiated resource endowments of coastal areas in Shandong, this paper puts forward optimization paths from four dimensions: unifying the measurement and trading system of blue carbon, upgrading low-carbon technologies across the entire industrial chain, deepening integrated land-marine ecological governance, and improving comprehensive safeguards covering finance, talents and policies. It aims to simultaneously achieve multiple goals including stable supply of aquatic products, expansion of coastal blue carbon sinks and income growth of coastal fishermen, and provide practical references for the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of marine fisheries in coastal provinces in northern China.