浙江嵊泗贻贝养殖区海水中细菌与古菌群落的特征分析

Characteristic Analysis of Bacterial and Archaea Communities in Seawater from Mussel Culture Area of Shengsi, Zhejiang Province

摘要: 我国是贝类养殖大国，浙江嵊泗海域是我国重要的贻贝产地。围绕嵊泗枸杞岛贻贝养殖区及其附近海域开展海洋生态环境综合调查，以期为海水养殖业的健康可持续发展提供技术支撑。应用Illumina HiSeq 16S rRNA高通量测序技术，在研究海域中鉴定得到细菌33门271科425属；古菌6门14科16属。从门水平上看，变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在各站位均表现出明显优势，其相对丰度占细菌总数的82.4%。其它较为丰富的门类包括放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)。古菌中奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)在各站位均表现出明显优势，其相对丰度占古菌总数的96.0%，其它较为丰富的门类包括广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)、纳古菌门(Nanoarchaeaeota)、泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)和Diapherotrites；从科水平上看，细菌中红细菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)是最主要的优势菌，其它主要种类还有Burkholderiaceae、Actinomarinaceae、Alteromonadaceae、黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)、假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae)、Cyanobiaceae等；古菌中亚硝化侏儒菌科(Nitrosopumilaceae)是最主要的优势菌，其它主要种类还有Haloferacaceae、Nitrososphaeraceae Methanomethylophilaceae等。各测点微生物种类特异性较强，G4测点的细菌和古菌与其它测点区别较大。无论细菌和古菌群落，水温、悬浮物和pH是影响研究海域微生物群落分布最主要的因素。

Abstract: China is the largest producer of shellfish aquaculture, and the coastal waters around Shengsi serves as an important production area of mussels in China. A comprehensive marine ecological environment survey was carried out around Shengsi mussel farms in order to provide technical support for the sustainable development of marine aquaculture industry. In this study, metagenomic analysis based on the Illumina Hiseq 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technology was applied. A total of 33 phyla, 271 families and 425 genera of Bacteria, and 6 phyla, 14 families and 16 genera of Archaea were detected from the sea water samples. At phylum level, Proteobacteria was the dominant group, comprising 82.4% of the total bacterial sequences, other abundant groups included the phylum Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia; and Thaumarchaeota was the dominant archaeal group, comprising 96% of the total archaeal sequences, Other abundant archaea groups included the phylum Euryarchaeota, Nanoarchaeaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Diapherotrites. At family level, Rhodobacteraceae dominated the bacterial abundance, and other major compositions included Burkholderiaceae, Actinomarinaceae, Alteromonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae; Nitrosopumilaceae was the main archaeal group, and other abundant taxa included Haloferacaceae, Nitrososphaeraceae, Methanomethylophilaceae. The compositions of microbials in stations showed greater specificity, and bacterial and archaeal compositions at G4 site were largely different from those at other sites. Water temperature, suspended matter and pH were the most influential factors shaping the microbial community, bacteria and archaea included.