柴油机调速系统的实时仿真模型研究及配机应用
Research on Real-Time Simulation Model of Diesel Engine Speed Governing System and Its Engine-Matching Application
DOI: 10.12677/met.2026.154044, PDF,   
作者: 李文军*, 王新军：火箭军工程大学，陕西 西安；黄耀中：中国人民解放军72474部队，海南 三亚
关键词: 柴油机；调速系统；模块化建模；实时仿真；硬件在环；Diesel Engine； Speed Governing System； Modular Modeling； Real-Time Simulation； Hardware-in-the-Loop
摘要: 针对柴油机调速系统设计与验证过程中存在的试验成本高、周期长等问题，本文采用面向对象的模块化建模方法，建立了柴油机及其调速系统的完整仿真模型。以某系列柴油机为研究对象，根据典型部件的特性及其相互作用关系，分别构建了调速器、柴油机本体、执行机构和传感器等子模块的数学模型。各模块通过标准化接口实现连接，搭建了实时仿真系统，通过模型降阶与算法优化满足实时性要求，并应用于硬件在环仿真验证。仿真及配机应用结果表明，所建立的模型能够准确反映柴油机调速系统的稳态与动态特性，稳态转速误差小于2%，动态响应过程与试验数据吻合良好，单步仿真时间小于1 ms，可为柴油机调速系统的设计、调试与性能评估提供高效可靠的技术手段。
Abstract: To address the issues of high testing costs and long development cycles in the design and verification of diesel engine speed governing systems, this paper adopts an object-oriented modular modeling approach and establishes a complete simulation model of the diesel engine and its speed governing system. Taking a certain series of diesel engine as the research object, based on the characteristics of typical components and their interaction relationships, mathematical models of sub-modules including the governor, engine body, actuator, and sensors are constructed respectively. All modules are connected via standardized interfaces to build a real-time simulation system. Model order reduction and algorithm optimization are applied to meet real-time requirements, and the system is employed for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation verification. Simulation and engine-matching application results show that the established model can accurately reflect both steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the diesel engine speed governing system. The steady-state speed error is less than 2%, the dynamic response process agrees well with test data, and the single-step simulation time is less than 1 ms. This provides an efficient and reliable technical means for the design, tuning, and performance evaluation of diesel engine speed governing systems.
文章引用：李文军, 王新军, 黄耀中. 柴油机调速系统的实时仿真模型研究及配机应用[J]. 机械工程与技术, 2026, 15(4): 460-470. https://doi.org/10.12677/met.2026.154044

参考文献

[1] Isermann, R., Schaffnit, J. and Sinsel, S. (1999) Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for the Design and Testing of Engine-Control Systems. Control Engineering Practice, 7, 643-653.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(98)00205-6
[2] 王洪桥, 杨明高, 李进. 一种用于柴油机电控系统开发的实时仿真系统[J]. 内燃机学报, 2002(1): 267-272.
[3] Song, Q. and Grigoriadis, K.M. (2007) Diesel Engine Speed Regulation Using Linear Parameter Varying Control. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Denver, 4-6 June 2003, 779-784.
[4] Isermann, R., Sinsel, S. and Schaffnit, J. (1998) Modeling and Real-Time Simulation of Diesel Engines for Control Design. International Congress & Exposition, Detroit, 23 February 1998, 23-27.
https://doi.org/10.4271/980796
[5] Sinha, R.P. and Balaji, R. (2018) A Mathematical Model of Marine Diesel Engine Speed Control System. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 99, 63-70.
[6] Wu, K., Zhang, Q., Hansen, A., et al. (2002) A Multiple Locally-Linearized Diesel Engine Model. Transactions of the ASABE, 45, 273-280.
https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.8517
[7] 孙鸿, 欧阳明高, 杜仲. 电控柴油机实时控制仿真系统研究[J]. 车用发动机, 1998(1): 30-34.
[8] 孙建波. 船舶柴油主推进装置及其控制系统的建模与仿真研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2007.
[9] 顾林林, 张均东. 基于模糊PID控制器的柴油机电子调速器仿真[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2014, 40(1): 57-60+65.
[10] Zhang, S.Y., Sun, J.B., Sun, Z.T. and Zuo, C.K. (2022) Modeling and Simulation of Diesel Main Propulsion Device for 10,000 TEU Container Ship. Proceeding of SPIE 12244, 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Electronics, and Electrical and Automation Control (METMS 2022), 25 April 2022, 1224445.
[11] Bialasiewicz, J.T., Muljadi, E., Drouilhet, S. and Nix, G. (1998) Hybrid Power Systems with Diesel and Wind Turbine Generation. Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference, Philadelphia, 26-26 June 1998, 201-206.
https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1998.707297
[12] Liu, H., Su, P., Wu, J. and Chang, G. (2025) Design of an Embedded Simulation Controller for a Model-Based Diesel Engine Parallel Power Unit. Processes, 13, Article 3196.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103196
[13] Jiang, J. (1994) Optimal Gain Scheduling Controller for a Diesel Engine. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 14, 42-48.
https://doi.org/10.1109/37.295969
[14] Yuan, Y., Zhang, M., Chen, Y., et al. (2018) Multi-Sliding Surface Control for the Speed Regulation System of Ship Diesel Engines. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 40, 22-34.
[15] Roy, S., Malik, O.P. and Hope, G.S. (1991) A K-Step Predictive Scheme for Speed Control of Diesel Driven Power-Plants. Conference Record. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference 1991, Memphis, 6-9 May 1991, 567-581.
https://doi.org/10.1109/icps.1991.153068
[16] Belyaev, M.E., Gerasimov, D.N., Rymalis, M.R. and Semenov, S.A. (2018) Design of Diesel Engine Mathematical Model Oriented to Speed Control. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International, 57, 626-639.
https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064230718040044
[17] Mao, X., Cai, L. and Ma, Z. (2018) Research on Nonlinear Common Rail Control System of Diesel Engine. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Transportation Science and Engineering), 42, 206-210. (In Chinese)
[18] Arnold, J., Langlois, N. and Chafouk, H. (2009) Fuzzy Controller of the Air System of a Diesel Engine: Real-Time Simulation. European Journal of Operational Research, 193, 282-288.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.08.046

为你推荐