基于在线参数辨识的永磁同步电机最小损耗控制方法
Minimum Loss Control Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Online Parameter Identification
DOI: 10.12677/met.2026.154045, PDF,   
作者: 田茂壮, 党 政, 刘 栋：山东交通学院轨道交通学院，山东 济南；杨福广*：山东交通学院轨道交通学院，山东 济南；山东省交通运输行业轨道交通安全技术与装备重点实验室，山东 济南
关键词: 永磁同步电机；最小损耗控制；在线参数辨识；递推最小二乘法；Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor； Minimum-Loss Control； Online Parameter Identification； Recursive Least Squares
摘要: 针对永磁同步电机运行过程中定子电阻、电感及永磁磁链等参数随温升、磁饱和和工况变化发生偏移，进而影响最小损耗控制精度的问题，提出一种基于在线参数辨识的永磁同步电机最小损耗控制方法。首先，在dq坐标系下建立考虑铜损和铁损的永磁同步电机数学模型，并以总损耗最小为目标，将最优电流分配问题转化为满足转矩约束的极值求解问题，推导得到最优d轴电流的求解条件。随后，设计候选解求解、可行域筛选和损耗评价相结合的最优电流计算方法，以获得不同工况下的d、q轴电流参考值。针对电机参数变化对损耗模型准确性的影响，引入递推最小二乘法对定子电阻、d/q轴电感和永磁磁链进行在线辨识，并结合电压激励注入和死区电压补偿对辨识过程进行辅助处理。仿真结果表明，所提方法能够根据参数辨识结果实时修正最优电流给定，提高损耗模型与电机实际运行状态的一致性，为永磁同步电机高效率控制提供了一种可行方法。
Abstract: To address the problem that variations in stator resistance, inductance, and permanent magnet flux linkage caused by temperature rise, magnetic saturation, and operating conditions may reduce the accuracy of minimum-loss control for permanent magnet synchronous motors, a minimum-loss control method based on online parameter identification is proposed. First, a mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor considering copper loss and iron loss is established in the dq reference frame. With the minimization of total loss as the objective, the optimal current allocation problem is transformed into an extremum problem under the torque constraint, and the solution condition for the optimal d-axis current is derived. Then, an optimal current calculation method combining candidate solution solving, feasible region screening, and loss evaluation is designed to obtain the d- and q-axis current references under different operating conditions. To reduce the influence of parameter variations on the accuracy of the loss model, the recursive least squares method is introduced to identify the stator resistance, d/q-axis inductances, and permanent magnet flux linkage online. In addition, voltage excitation injection and dead-time voltage compensation are used as auxiliary processing measures in the identification process. Simulation results show that the proposed method can update the optimal current references according to the identified parameters in real time, improve the consistency between the loss model and the actual operating state of the motor, and provide a feasible approach for high-efficiency control of permanent magnet synchronous motors.
文章引用：田茂壮, 杨福广, 党政, 刘栋. 基于在线参数辨识的永磁同步电机最小损耗控制方法[J]. 机械工程与技术, 2026, 15(4): 471-485. https://doi.org/10.12677/met.2026.154045

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