构式语法下“X死我了”构式的语义与语用新探索

A New Exploration of Semantics and Pragmatics of the Construction “X Si Wo Le” (X-Death-Me-Prt) under Construction Grammar

摘要: 本文以现代汉语高频构式“X死我了”为研究对象，结合构式语法框架，探讨其在网络语境中的语义与语用演变。研究基于“新浪微博”平台的真实语料，采用定性分析方法，重点考察网络新兴成分(如“甜”“帅”“迷”等)进入构式后的意义生成机制。研究发现：在语义层面，相较于传统的构式压制机制，部分词汇义通过“词汇压制”覆盖构式义，其认知理据在于积极词汇的高突显性与主观评价性，使得构式整体呈现积极化、娱乐化表达；同时，该构式在构式网络中与其他表极端程度的构式形成对照，但其独特之处在于“死”所承载的致使性与主观失控感。在语用层面，该构式的功能已超越传统的消极情绪宣泄，逐渐演化为兼具情感宣泄、社群认同与幽默互动的网络表达手段。本文为理解汉语构式在新语境中的动态演变提供了新的证据与视角。

Abstract: This paper takes the high-frequency modern Chinese construction “X sǐ wǒ le” (X-death-me-Prt) as the research object and, within the framework of Construction Grammar, explores its semantic and pragmatic evolution in online contexts. Based on authentic data collected from Sina Weibo, the study adopts a qualitative analytical approach, focusing on the meaning-generation mechanisms after emerging online elements such as “tián” (sweet), “shuài” (handsome), and “mí” (fascinate) enter the construction. The findings are as follows: semantically, in contrast to the traditional mechanism of construction coercion, certain lexical meanings override the constructional meaning via lexical coercion, and the cognitive motivation for this lies in the high salience and subjective evaluativity of positive words, which endows the whole construction with positive and entertaining expressions. Meanwhile, although this construction contrasts with other extreme-degree constructions in the construction network, it retains a unique feature—the causativity and subjective loss of control carried by “sǐ”. Pragmatically, the function of this construction has gone beyond the traditional catharsis of negative emotions and has gradually evolved into an online expressive device that integrates emotional release, community identity building, and humorous interaction. This paper provides new evidence and perspectives for understanding the dynamic evolution of Chinese constructions in new contexts.