中小金融机构信贷风险管理薄弱环节识别与科技赋能策略研究

Research on Identification of Weak Links in Credit Risk Management of Small and Medium-Sized Financial Institutions and Technology Empowerment Strategies

摘要: 本文以中小金融机构信贷风险管理为研究对象，基于信息不对称与信贷配给理论，深入分析了中小金融机构在信贷业务风险识别、测度、监测与控制环节存在的突出薄弱点。研究基于2024~2025年最新监管数据与同业实践，发现中小金融机构普遍面临信贷人员管理不善与激励失衡、贷前调查流于形式与财务分析能力欠缺、贷后管理薄弱以及风险预警机制不健全等挑战。这些问题主要源于风险治理架构不完善、技术手段与数据治理落后、专业人才匮乏及内部监督缺失。针对这些问题，本文结合常熟农商行、重庆农商行等真实同业优秀实践与处罚反思，提出了完善风险管理治理架构、强化信贷全流程管理、加强科技赋能与数字化转型(特别是大语言模型与知识图谱技术的应用)、优化人力资源管理与文化建设等优化策略。研究旨在为提升中小金融机构信贷风险管理水平和竞争力提供理论参考与实践指导。

Abstract: This paper takes the credit risk management of small and medium-sized financial institutions as its research object. Based on the theories of information asymmetry and credit rationing, it provides an in‑depth analysis of the prominent weaknesses existing in the identification, measurement, monitoring, and control of credit business risks within these institutions. Drawing on the latest regulatory data and industry practices from 2024 to 2025, the study finds that small and medium‑sized financial institutions generally face challenges such as inadequate management and misaligned incentives for credit personnel, perfunctory pre‑loan investigations and insufficient financial analysis capabilities, weak post‑loan management, and incomplete risk early‑warning mechanisms. These problems primarily stem from imperfect risk governance frameworks, outdated technological means and data governance, a shortage of professional talent, and inadequate internal supervision. In response to these issues, and with reference to the commendable practices and lessons drawn from regulatory penalties of real‑world peers such as Changshu Rural Commercial Bank and Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank, this paper proposes optimization strategies including improving the risk management governance framework, strengthening the full‑process management of credit, enhancing technology‑enabled digital transformation (with particular emphasis on the application of large language models and knowledge graph technologies), and optimizing human resource management and cultural development. The research aims to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for improving the credit risk management level and competitiveness of small and medium‑sized financial institutions.