中高职本科贯通(3 + 2 + 2)培养模式的问题与优化路径研究——以食品质量与安全专业为例

A Study on the Problems and Optimization Pathways of the “3 + 2 + 2” Secondary-Vocational-Higher-Vocational-Undergraduate Integrated Cultivation Model—A Case Study of the Food Quality and Safety Major

摘要: 在我国产业结构向高端化、智能化转型的背景下，中高职本科贯通(3 + 2 + 2)培养模式作为北京市现代职业教育体系的重要组成部分，承担着培养复合型技术技能人才的关键使命。本文以北京农业职业学院食品质量与安全专业七年贯通培养实践为切入点，深入分析当前贯通培养模式在培养目标定位、专业设置适配、课程体系衔接、协同育人机制等方面存在的突出问题及深层成因。研究发现，贯通培养面临“创新能力培养体系断裂”、“专业设置与产业需求适配不足”、“课程衔接缺乏统一标准”及“校企协同深度有限”等现实困境。在此基础上，从精准定位复合型人才成长路径、构建动态专业调整机制、系统重构模块化课程体系、深化产教融合协同育人等维度，提出可操作的优化策略，为新时代首都职业教育服务区域产业升级提供参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of China’s industrial structure transformation towards high-end, intelligent, and green development, the “3 + 2 + 2” secondary-vocational-higher-vocational-undergraduate integrated cultivation model, as a key component of Beijing’s modern vocational education system, undertakes the critical mission of cultivating interdisciplinary technical and skilled talents. Taking the seven-year integrated cultivation practice of the Food Quality and Safety major at Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture as a point of entry, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the prominent problems and underlying causes in the current integrated cultivation model, particularly in terms of training objective positioning, program relevance to industry needs, curriculum articulation, and collaborative mechanism design. The study reveals that the integrated cultivation faces such practical dilemmas as “fragmented innovation capability development”, “insufficient alignment between program offerings and industrial demands”, “lack of unified standards for curriculum articulation”, and “limited depth of school-enterprise collaboration”. On this basis, the paper proposes actionable optimization strategies from the dimensions of precisely positioning the growth pathways of inter-disciplinary talents, establishing dynamic program adjustment mechanisms, systematically restructuring modular curriculum systems, and deepening industry-education integration for collaborative education. These recommendations aim to provide references for Beijing’s vocational education to better serve regional industrial upgrading in the new era.