面向新工科创新人才培养的近代物理实验教学改革

Reform of Modern Physics Experiment Teaching for Innovative Talent Training in Emerging Engineering

摘要: 新一轮科技革命与产业变革推动新工科建设深入开展，对工程技术人才的创新能力、实践能力和跨学科素养提出更高要求。近代物理实验作为物理学类专业的核心实验课程，是连接基础理论与前沿科研的关键纽带，但其传统教学存在数字化资源不足、教学技术滞后、内容与前沿脱节、考核模式单一等问题，难以适配新工科人才培养需求。本文围绕新工科创新人才培养目标，从教学改革必要性、教学资源建设、教学方法改革、教学内容优化及考核评价体系构建五个方面，结合光电效应、弗兰克–赫兹、密立根油滴等具体实验项目，提出系统性改革举措。通过构建多元教学资源、创新教学方法、优化教学内容、建立多元化考核体系，破解传统教学痛点，强化学生创新思维与实践能力，实现课程教学与新工科人才培养要求的精准对接，为高等院校近代物理实验课程教学改革提供实践参考。

Abstract: The new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation has driven the in-depth development of Emerging Engineering Education, placing higher demands on the innovation ability, practical skills, and interdisciplinary competence of engineering talents. As a core experimental course for physics majors, Modern Physics Experiment serves as a key link connecting fundamental theories with cutting-edge research. However, traditional teaching methods in this course face challenges such as insufficient digital resources, outdated instructional technologies, a disconnect between content and cutting-edge developments, and rigid assessment models, making it difficult to meet the talent cultivation needs of Emerging Engineering Education. Focusing on the goal of cultivating innovative talents in Emerging Engineering Education, this paper proposes systematic reform measures from five aspects: the necessity of teaching reform, construction of teaching resources, reform of teaching methods, optimization of teaching content, and establishment of an assessment system. Using specific experimental projects such as the photoelectric effect, Franck-Hertz experiment, and Millikan oil drop experiment as examples, this study presents practical reform strategies. By developing diverse teaching resources, innovating teaching methods, optimizing teaching content, and establishing a diversified assessment system, the proposed approach addresses key challenges in traditional teaching, enhances students’ innovative thinking and practical abilities, and aligns the course more closely with the talent cultivation requirements of Emerging Engineering Education. This research provides a practical reference for the reform of Modern Physics Experiment courses in higher education institutions.