3D打印技术赋能机械类课程设计与学科竞赛的融合实践

Empowering Integration Practice of Mechanical Course Design and Discipline Competitions via 3D Printing Technology

摘要: 新工科建设对机械类专业人才的工程实践能力与创新素养提出了更高要求。然而，传统课程设计长期存在虚拟图纸多、实体验证少的短板，学科竞赛作品与课堂教学之间亦缺乏有效衔接。本文提出以3D打印技术为桥梁，构建课堂学理论、课程设计练技能、竞赛项目促创新、反馈优化课程内容的闭环融合实践路径。通过将3D打印纳入课程设计必修环节，以竞赛子任务驱动课程选题，建立理论讲授、软件操作、分组设计、快速打印验证、迭代优化五阶段教学过程，实现了课程教学与学科竞赛的深度融合。以全国大学生机械创新设计大赛等学科竞赛为例，详细展示了融合实践的实施过程与成效。实践表明，3D打印技术能够有效弥合课堂与赛场之间的鸿沟，其核心价值在于以造促学、以赛促改。

Abstract: Emerging engineering education demands stronger practical skills and innovative thinking from mechanical engineering students. Traditional course design, however, still relies heavily on virtual drawings and offers too few opportunities for physical verification. Meanwhile, project outcomes from discipline competitions often remain disconnected from classroom instruction. To address these gaps, we use 3D printing as a bridge to build a closed-loop integration pathway. This pathway connects four elements: theory learning in class, skill training through course design, innovation driven by competition tasks, and curriculum optimization based on feedback. We make 3D printing a mandatory part of course design, select project topics from competition subtasks, and implement a five-stage teaching process that includes lectures, software practice, group design, rapid prototyping, and iterative refinement. This approach effectively merges teaching with competition activities. Taking the National Undergraduate Mechanical Innovation Design Competition as an example, we detail the implementation process and the outcomes we observed. Our experience shows that 3D printing can effectively close the gap between the classroom and the competition arena. Its core value lies in promoting learning through making and encouraging teaching reform through competition.