基于DEM数据的云南省地貌自动分类研究

A Study on Automatic Geomorphological Classification of Yunnan Province Based on DEM Data

摘要: 基于90 m分辨率的SRTM-DEM数据，以云南省作为研究区，利用ArcGIS分别对影响研究区地貌类型的地形因子进行分析，得出研究区内中海拔(高程：1000~3500 m)区域最广，占云南省总面积的52.75%，主要分布在云南省的中部和东部地区。地形起伏度为小起伏山地的地形分布最广，面积在整个研究区中占58.16%。云南省绝大部分地区的坡度在25˚以下，占了整个研究区面积的80.95%。研究区以浅切割山地为主，占总面积的42.98%，深切割山地面积最小，仅占研究区面积的4.60%，分布于西北部山区。筛选了云南省地貌分类的最佳地形因子为地形起伏度、海拔高度、坡度、地表切割深度四个地形因子指标，利用ArcGIS对四个地形因子进行组合，提取出了研究区25种地貌类型，结果表明研究区地貌特征总体比较破碎，其中浅切割小起伏陡中山和浅切割小起伏平缓中山为主要地貌，占研究区总面积的47.26%。研究成果为进一步对云南省地区的资源开发、土地利用和灾害防治等问题提供了数据参考。

Abstract: Based on SRTM-DEM data with 90 m resolution, Yunnan Province was taken as the study area, and the topographic factors affecting the landform types of the study area were analyzed by ArcGIS. It was concluded that the altitude area (Elevation: 1000~3500 m) in the study area was the widest, accounting for 52.75% of the total area, and was mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions of Yunnan Province. Topographic relief is the most widely distributed small relief mountain, accounting for 58.16% of the whole study area. The slope in most areas of Yunnan Province is below 25°, accounting for 80.95% of the whole study area. The study area is dominated by shallow cut mountain area, accounting for 42.98% of the total area, while deep cut mountain area is the smallest, accounting for only 4.60% of the study area, distributed in the northwestern mountainous area. The best topographic factors for geomorphic classification in Yunnan Province were selected as topographic relief, altitude, slope and surface cutting depth. By combining the four topographic factors with ArcGIS, 25 geomorphic types were extracted in the study area. The results showed that the geomorphic features in the study area were generally fragmented. Among them, the main landforms are the shallow and small relief mountains and the shallow and small relief mountains, which account for 47.26% of the total area of the study area. The research results provide data reference for resource development, land use and disaster prevention and control in Yunnan Province.