成都双流机场多跑道地面风特征分析

Surface Wind Characteristics Analysis for Multi‑Runway Operations at Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport

摘要: 利用成都双流国际机场2021~2025年跑道自动气象观测系统逐分钟地面风资料，分析了多跑道构型下地面风场的时空分布特征及其运行影响。结果表明，双流机场地面风场受季风环流与局地地形共同作用，各跑道端风向频率与风速强度呈显著空间差异，该差异在日变化与季节尺度上均具有稳定表现，日变化方面东西跑道大风时段呈错峰分布，季节尺度方面各跑道端均具有春季北风占优、夏季南风增强的特征。顺风超标事件在季节与日变化时段上呈非均匀分布，且不同跑道端之间的发生频率存在差异。极端大风事件集中于春末至初秋，特定跑道端的气候风险显著高于其余跑道端。上述结果表明，多跑道机场的风场特征无法通过单点观测予以完整表征，宜依据各跑道端的差异化分析结果，构建分跑道、分时段的气象预警与运行响应方案。

Abstract: Based on the one-minute surface wind data from the Automated Weather Observation System (AWOS) at Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport from 2021 to 2025, this study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of surface wind fields under a multi-runway configuration and their implications for airport operations. The results indicate that the surface wind field at Chengdu Shuangliu Airport is jointly modulated by the monsoon circulation and local topography, exhibiting significant spatial disparities in wind direction frequency and wind speed intensity among runway ends, with stable manifestations on both diurnal and seasonal scales. Diurnally, strong wind events on the eastern and western runways show staggered peak hours; seasonally, all runway ends are characterized by northerly wind dominance in spring and enhanced southerly wind in summer. Tailwind exceedance events exhibit non-uniform distributions across seasons and diurnal periods, with systematic frequency differences among runway ends. Extreme wind events are concentrated from late spring to early autumn, with certain runway ends showing substantially higher climatic risk exposure than the others. These findings suggest that the surface wind characteristics of multi-runway airports cannot be fully captured by single-point observations; instead, differentiated meteorological warning and operation response strategies should be established based on runway-end-specific analyses.