基于InVEST模型城市生境质量评价及空间发展研究——以济南市为例

Evaluation and Spatial Development Research of Urban Habitat Quality Based on the InVEST Model —A Case Study of Jinan City

摘要: 为分析济南市生境质量时空演变规律及城市发展对其的影响，明确城市发展与生态环境的互动关系，为区域生态系统可持续发展和生态保护提供参考，本研究基于济南市2000、2010、2020年30 m分辨率土地利用数据，运用土地利用转移矩阵和InVEST模型，对生境质量进行定量评估与时空演变分析。研究发现，济南市土地利用以耕地、林地和建设用地为主，2000~2020年耕地面积持续下降，建设用地显著增加且主要由耕地转入；济南市域内各地区生境质量空间差异显著，总体呈“中北部差、南部优”的格局，2000~2020年生境质量持续下降，差等级生境呈城镇、农村集聚特征，良好、优等级集中在南部低山丘陵地区，2010年后部分区域因生态建设生境质量有所提升。在快速城市化进程中建设用地扩张虽会挤压生态空间，导致生境质量下降，但2010年后生态保护政策推进使部分区域生境质量反而提升，展现出城市发展与生态改善协同可能。并基于此，从城镇建设和生态保护两个维度提出优化策略，为城市未来发展提供参考。

Abstract: To analyze the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of habitat quality in Jinan City and the impact of urban development, clarify the interaction between urban development and the ecological environment, and provide references for the sustainable development of regional ecosystems and ecological conservation, this study quantitatively assesses and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality using land use transfer matrices and the InVEST model, based on 30-meter-resolution land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 in Jinan City. The findings reveal that Jinan’s land use is dominated by cultivated land, forest land, and construction land, with continuous decline in cultivated land area and significant expansion of construction land, primarily at the expense of cultivated land. Spatial variations in habitat quality across the city are pronounced, generally exhibiting a pattern of “poorer quality in the central and northern regions, superior quality in the southern areas”. From 2000 to 2020, habitat quality consistently deteriorated, with low-quality habitats clustered in urban and rural areas, while high-quality habitats were concentrated in the southern low mountains and hills. After 2010, habitat quality improved in some regions due to ecological conservation efforts. Although urban expansion during rapid urbanization may compress ecological space and lead to habitat degradation, the advancement of ecological conservation policies post-2010 resulted in improved habitat quality in certain areas, demonstrating potential for synergistic urban development and ecological improvement. Based on these findings, optimization strategies are proposed from two dimensions—urban construction and ecological conservation—to provide references for future urban development.