近400年来赤峰地区乡村聚落时空演变研究

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Rural Settlements in the Chifeng Region over the Past 400 Years

摘要: 乡村聚落是区域人地关系演变的重要载体，其时空演变特征能够反映区域历史发展过程。本文以赤峰地区乡村聚落为研究对象，基于历史地名资料构建近四百年乡村聚落数据库，运用GIS空间分析方法，结合平均最近邻指数、核密度估计和平均中心等方法，对乡村聚落数量变化、空间分布特征及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：1) 近四百年来，赤峰地区乡村聚落数量总体呈持续增长态势，但不同历史时期增长幅度存在明显差异，表现出较强的阶段性特征；2) 各时期乡村聚落均呈显著集聚分布，空间重心变化幅度较小，核密度格局由局部集聚逐步演变为多中心集聚，高密度区始终集中于研究区中南部，东南部逐渐形成稳定的次级集聚中心；3) 赤峰地区乡村聚落演变是在自然环境与人文社会因素共同作用下形成的，自然地理条件奠定了聚落分布的基本格局，而人口变化、农业开发、交通联系及土地利用变化等因素共同推动了聚落数量增长和空间扩展。研究结果可为赤峰地区乡村聚落演变研究及区域乡村发展提供参考。

Abstract: Rural settlements are important carriers of the evolution of regional human-land relationships, and their spatiotemporal dynamics reflect long-term regional development processes. Taking the Chifeng region as the study area, this study constructed a rural settlement database spanning nearly 400 years based on historical toponymic records. GIS-based spatial analysis, including the Average Nearest Neighbor Index (ANN), Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), and Mean Center analysis, was employed to investigate the temporal changes, spatial distribution patterns, and influencing factors of rural settlements. The results indicate that: 1) The number of rural settlements in the Chifeng region has shown a continuous upward trend over the past four centuries, although the growth rate varied considerably among different historical periods, exhibiting distinct stage-specific characteristics; 2) Rural settlements exhibited significant clustered distribution throughout all historical periods, with only minor shifts in the spatial centroid. The kernel density pattern evolved from localized clusters to a multicenter distribution, with high-density areas consistently concentrated in the central-southern part of the study area, while a stable secondary cluster gradually emerged in the southeastern region; 3) The evolution of rural settlements was jointly shaped by natural and human factors. Natural geographical conditions provided the fundamental framework for settlement distribution, whereas population change, agricultural development, transportation networks, and land-use change collectively promoted settlement growth and spatial expansion. The findings provide a useful reference for understanding the historical evolution of rural settlements and supporting rural development in the Chifeng region.