代际融合视域下老幼共学空间的社会建构路径

Social Construction Pathways of Intergenerational Learning Spaces from the Perspective of Intergenerational Integration

摘要: 在深度老龄化与少子化并存的背景下，代际隔阂与社会隔离问题日益突出。老幼共学空间作为一种将老年人与儿童置于同一场域进行日常互动的空间形态，正成为缓解代际疏离的创新实践。本研究从空间社会学视角出发，将老幼共学空间视为社会关系动态生产的场域，提出其社会建构包含三重相互嵌套的路径。一是物理空间的互嵌式改造，包括设置共享活动区、代际协作角以及进行适老适幼的双向设计。二是制度空间的规则化设计，涵盖固定共学时段、角色轮换机制以及安全与责任边界的明确约定。三是心理空间的认同型培育，涉及破除年龄刻板印象、建立共同身份标识以及形成持续的情感纽带。真正具有生命力的老幼共学空间不是自上而下的设施配置，而是在社会互动中生长出来的关系网络。当三重路径协同发力时，空间便从物理共存走向功能共生，成为老龄社会背景下社会资本积累与互助养老的创新载体。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deep aging and low birth rates, issues of intergenerational gap and social isolation have become increasingly prominent. The shared learning space for the elderly and children, as a spatial form that facilitates daily interactions between older adults and children in the same setting, is emerging as an innovative practice to alleviate intergenerational estrangement. From the perspective of spatial sociology, this study regards the shared learning space for the elderly and children as a field where social relations are dynamically produced, and proposes that its social construction involves three mutually embedded pathways. The first is the inter-embedded transformation of physical space, including the establishment of shared activity areas, intergenerational collaboration corners, and dual design for elderly and child-friendliness. The second is the rule-based design of institutional space, covering fixed shared time slots, role rotation mechanisms, and clear agreements on safety and responsibility boundaries. The third is the identity cultivation of psychological space, involving breaking age stereotypes, establishing shared identity markers, and forming sustained emotional bonds. A truly vibrant shared learning space for the elderly and children is not a top-down facility configuration, but a relational network that grows out of social interactions. When the three pathways work synergistically, the space moves from physical co-existence to functional symbiosis, becoming an innovative carrier for social capital accumulation and mutual aid for elderly care in the context of an aging society.