积极老龄化背景下上海文化养老的问题审视与路径探赜

An Examination of Issues and Exploration of Paths for Cultural Elderly Care in Shanghai in the Context of Active Aging

摘要: 在积极老龄化战略深入推进的背景下，文化养老作为满足老年群体精神文化需求的新型养老理念，正成为政策实践与学术研究的重要议题。本文以上海市为研究对象，系统阐释积极老龄化与文化养老的理论内涵，并深入剖析上海文化养老体系建设中存在的五重结构性问题：文化养老观念滞后、老年群体参与主动性不足；设施供给不均衡，城乡与区域落差显著；专业人才队伍匮乏，服务质量难以保障；数字化建设滞后，“数字鸿沟”问题突出；市场化机制不健全，社会资本参与意愿不足。针对上述问题，文章提出五条系统性推进路径：催生积极养老观念，激发老年群体内生参与动力；优化设施空间布局，推动普惠性与差异化协同并进；健全人才培养体系，提升文化养老专业服务水平；加快适老化数字赋能，弥合老年人数字鸿沟；完善市场激励机制，引导社会资本多元参与。本文旨在为上海乃至全国超大城市构建系统化、精准化、人本化的文化养老体系提供理论与实践参考，助力老年群体从“文化消费者”转变为“文化生产者”，实现有尊严、有温度、有活力的晚年生活。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the in-depth promotion of active aging strategies, cultural aging, as a new concept of elderly care that meets the spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly population, is becoming an important topic in policy practice and academic research. This paper takes Shanghai as the research object, systematically explains the theoretical connotations of active aging and cultural aging, and deeply analyzes five structural issues in the construction of Shanghai’s cultural aging system: lagging cultural aging concepts and insufficient initiative of elderly participation; uneven facility supply, with significant disparities between urban and rural areas and different regions; lack of professional talent teams, making it difficult to guarantee service quality; lagging digital construction, with prominent “digital divide” issues; and imperfect market mechanisms, leading to insufficient willingness of social capital participation. In response to the above issues, the paper proposes five systematic promotion paths: fostering positive elderly care concepts to stimulate the endogenous participation motivation of the elderly population; optimizing the spatial layout of facilities to promote inclusivity and differentiated coordination; improving the talent training system to enhance the professional service level of cultural aging; accelerating digital empowerment for aging-friendly technologies to bridge the digital divide among the elderly; and perfecting market incentive mechanisms to guide diverse participation of social capital. This paper aims to provide theoretical and practical references for Shanghai and even other megacities across the country to build a systematic, precise, and people-oriented cultural aging system, helping the elderly population transition from “cultural consumers” to “cultural producers” and achieve a dignified, warm, and vibrant later life.