民族地区老年人养老困境及对策研究——以三都县为例

Research on the Elderly Care Difficulties and Countermeasures in Ethnic Regions—Taking Sandu County as an Example

摘要: 贵州省三都水族自治县在推进基本养老服务体系建设过程中，通过完善养老认证机制、强化机构兜底保障、完善养老基础设施建设及探索农村互助养老，初步形成了覆盖城乡的服务框架。但调研显示，当前仍存在精准识别与主动响应机制缺失、居家养老家庭照护支持空白、医养结合向基层延伸不足、资金保障单一及民族文化嵌入不深等问题。为此，文章立足民族地区实际，提出健全老年人精准识别与动态管理机制、夯实居家养老基础支持、推动医养结合下沉社区村寨、提升社区设施运营效能、将民族节庆非遗文化深度融入老年精神照护，以及强化资金与本土人才培养等优化路径，旨在推动三都县养老服务从“有阵地”向“有质量、有温度、有特色”转型。

Abstract: In the process of promoting the construction of a basic elderly care service system, Sandu Shui Autonomous County in Guizhou Province has initially formed a service framework covering both urban and rural areas by improving the elderly care certification mechanism, strengthening institutional safety nets, enhancing elderly care infrastructure, and exploring mutual assistance elderly care in rural areas. However, research shows that there are still problems such as the lack of precise identification and proactive response mechanisms, gaps in family care support for home-based elderly care, insufficient extension of medical and elderly care integration to the grassroots level, single funding guarantees, and insufficient integration of ethnic culture. Therefore, based on the realities of ethnic areas, this article proposes optimization paths such as improving precise identification and dynamic management mechanisms for the elderly, consolidating basic support for home-based elderly care, promoting the community and village-level implementation of medical and elderly care integration, enhancing the operational efficiency of community facilities, deeply integrating ethnic festival intangible cultural heritage into elderly spiritual care, and strengthening funding and local talent cultivation. The aim is to promote the transformation of elderly care services in Sandu County from merely “having the infrastructure” to being “high-quality, warm, and distinctive”.