生态翻译学视域下译者的适应与选择机制研究

On the Translator’s Adaptation and Selection Mechanism from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology

摘要: 生态翻译学作为国内原创性翻译理论体系，依托生态学隐喻重新阐释了翻译活动的本质规律，将翻译行为界定为译者在整体翻译生态环境中持续开展适应性调试与选择性转换的动态过程，一定程度上拓展了传统翻译研究长期固化的文本中心研究范式，推动翻译研究的重心回归翻译活动的主体层面。现有学界成果多依托三维转换理论开展译本个案对比分析，侧重应用性文本阐释，对于译者适应与选择行为背后的内在运行逻辑、阶段特征以及互动关系缺乏系统性的理论梳理，相关理论思辨层面的研究仍存在补充空间，同时该理论自身的隐喻类比、译者中心论等核心命题也持续引发学界商榷与讨论。本文依托生态翻译学核心原著理论体系，兼顾黄忠廉、王剑、王宁等学者对该理论的批判性反思，以翻译生态环境的多层结构为研究切入点，逐层阐释译者在翻译全过程中的行为演进特征，梳理适应行为与选择行为之间的依存关系与运作规律，并结合经典中英文学译本的真实翻译语料，具象呈现译者在语言维度、文化维度与交际维度中的调适策略与取舍逻辑，据此分析翻译实践中常见的译文失衡问题成因，进一步探讨优化译者主体翻译行为、实现译本生态平衡的可行路径。研究发现，翻译活动的完整推进过程始终围绕译者的主体行为展开，前期的生态适应为后续译文产出提供判断依据，多维选择性转换是适应成果的具体文本呈现，译后阶段的自我修正与外部筛选则完成翻译生态的最终平衡，三者构成循环联动的有机整体。本研究旨在深化对译者主体行为机制的理论认知，同时客观辨析生态翻译学理论局限，为各类文本的翻译实践提供理论参照与思路启发。

Abstract: As an original domestic theoretical system in translation studies, eco-translatology reinterprets the essential rules of translation activities based on ecological metaphors. It defines translation as a dynamic process in which translators continuously carry out adaptive adjustment and selective transformation within the overall translational eco-environment. It broadens the long-established text-centered research paradigm in traditional translation studies to a certain extent, shifting the focus of translation research back to the subject of translation activities. Most existing academic achievements focus on case analysis of translated texts based on the three-dimensional transformation theory and emphasize applied textual interpretation, while systematic theoretical sorting out of the internal operational logic, stage characteristics and interactive relationship behind translators’ adaptation and selection behaviors is insufficient, leaving room for supplementation in theoretical speculation. Meanwhile, core propositions of this theory including metaphorical analogy and translator-centrism have continuously triggered academic discussions and critiques. Based on the core theoretical system of eco-translatology, this paper takes critical reflections from Huang Zhonglian, Wang Jian, Wang Ning and other scholars into consideration, takes the multi-layered structure of the translational eco-environment as the starting point, explains the behavioral evolution characteristics of translators in the whole translation process, and sorts out the dependency and operational rules between adaptation and selection behaviors. With authentic bilingual translation materials of classic Chinese and English literary translations, this paper concretely presents translators’ adjustment strategies and trade-off logic in linguistic, cultural and communicative dimensions. On this basis, it analyzes the causes of common translational imbalance problems in translation practice and further explores feasible ways to optimize translators’ subjective translation behaviors and realize ecological balance of translated texts. The research shows that the whole process of translation activities revolves around translators’ subjective behaviors. The early ecological adaptation provides judgment basis for subsequent translation output, multi-dimensional selective transformation is the specific textual presentation of adaptation results, and self-correction and external screening in the post-translation stage complete the final balance of translation ecology, forming an organic whole of circular linkage. This study aims to deepen the theoretical cognition of the mechanism of translators’ subjective behaviors, objectively distinguish the theoretical limitations of eco-translatology, and provide theoretical reference and practical inspiration for multi-type translation practice.