《伤寒论》特殊语言现象的自动识别——以倒装句、省略句为例的分词与句法分析
Automatic Recognition of Special Language Phenomena in Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases)—Part-of-Speech and Syntax Analysis of Inverted Sentences and Omitted Sentences
DOI: 10.12677/ml.2026.148878, PDF,   
作者: 徐 红：黑龙江中医药大学研究生院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；黑龙江省中医药科学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；陈婉纯, 张旭君：黑龙江中医药大学研究生院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；徐 杨：黑龙江省中医药科学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；郑佳新*：黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院肾内科，黑龙江 哈尔滨
关键词: 《伤寒论》；自然语言处理；倒装句；省略句；分词；句法分析；规则方法；Shanghan Lun； Natural Language Processing； Inverted Sentence； Omitted Sentence； Participle Phrase； Syntactic Analysis； Rule-Based Method
摘要: 《伤寒论》作为中医经典文献，其语言具有独特的倒装句、省略句等特殊现象，这些现象对传统自然语言处理(NLP)技术构成挑战，导致现有分词和句法分析模型在中医古籍文本中准确率不足。当前研究多聚焦于现代汉语或通用古籍处理，缺乏针对《伤寒论》特殊句式的规则化方法，难以精准还原原文语义。本文综述了《伤寒论》中倒装句与省略句的语言特征，分析了它们在分词歧义和句法结构上的难点，并探讨了基于规则与统计相结合的分词策略及句法分析框架。通过梳理现有NLP技术在中医古籍中的应用现状，指出规则方法在识别特殊语言现象中的优势与局限，旨在为构建《伤寒论》专用自动分析工具提供理论依据，推动中医古籍的智能化解读。
Abstract: The Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases) is a classic medical text in traditional Chinese medicine. Its language features include special phenomena such as inverted sentences and omitted clauses, which pose challenges to traditional natural language processing (NLP) techniques. This leads to insufficient accuracy of existing word segmentation and syntactic analysis models in ancient Chinese medical texts. Current research mostly focuses on modern Chinese or general ancient text processing, lacking standardized methods for dealing with the special sentence structures of Shanghan Lun, making it difficult to accurately restore the original meaning. This paper reviews the language characteristics of inverted sentences and omitted clauses in Shanghan Lun, analyzes the difficulties in word segmentation ambiguity and syntactic structure, and discusses the segmentation strategy and syntactic analysis framework based on a combination of rules and statistics. By reviewing the current application status of NLP technologies in ancient Chinese medical texts, it points out the advantages and limitations of rule-based methods in identifying special language phenomena, aiming to provide theoretical basis for constructing a specialized automatic analysis tool for Shanghan Lun and promoting the intelligent interpretation of ancient Chinese medical texts.
文章引用：徐红, 陈婉纯, 张旭君, 徐杨, 郑佳新. 《伤寒论》特殊语言现象的自动识别——以倒装句、省略句为例的分词与句法分析[J]. 现代语言学, 2026, 14(8): 1103-1110. https://doi.org/10.12677/ml.2026.148878

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