基于汉泰系词类型差异的泰国学习者“是”字句偏误研究

A Study on Thai Learners’ “Shi” (是)-Sentence Errors Based on Typological Differences between Chinese and Thai Copula Systems

摘要: “是”字句是现代汉语的核心句式，也是泰国学习者习得难点。本文基于全球汉语中介语语料库，以泰语三系词系统(เป็น/คือ/ใช่)为类型对比框架，对泰国学习者“是”字句偏误进行系统考察。经检索，“是”字句偏误共6796条，采用隔四取一法得到有效语料321条。研究发现四种偏误类型呈“误加 > 遗漏 > 误用 > 错序”格局：误加集中表现为形容词谓语句中多余添加“是”，与泰语pen的宽泛谓述功能直接相关；遗漏以“是……的”句中“的”的遗漏及判断句中“是”的遗漏为主；误用以“是”与“有”、“在”的混用为核心；错序偏误最少。我们从泰语三系词与汉语“是”的类型对比视角解释了偏误成因，并提出了分级教学及汉泰对比教学策略。

Abstract: The “Shi”-sentence is a core sentence pattern in Modern Chinese and a major difficulty for Thai learners. Based on the Global Chinese Interlanguage Corpus (GCIC) and employing the Thai three-copula system (เป็น/คือ/ใช่) as a typological contrastive framework, this study systematically examines “Shi”-sentence errors made by Thai learners. A total of 6796 error entries were retrieved, from which 321 valid tokens were obtained through systematic sampling. The findings reveal a gradient distribution of error types: addition > omission > substitution > misordering. Addition errors predominantly involve the redundant use of “Shi” before adjectives, directly attributable to the broad predicative function of Thai pen (เป็น). Omission errors mainly consist of the omission of de in “Shi…de” constructions and the omission of “Shi” in copular sentences. Substitution errors center on the confusion between “Shi” and you as well as zai. Misordering errors are the least frequent. The study explains the causes of these errors from the perspective of the typological contrast between the Thai three-copula system and Chinese “Shi”, and proposes graded instruction and contrastive teaching strategies.