功能对等理论视角下鲁迅作品人体隐喻维译本研究——以《呐喊》《彷徨》为例

A Study on the Translation of Human Body Metaphors in Lu Xun’s Works from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory—Taking “Call to Arms” and “Wandering” as Examples

摘要: 鲁迅《呐喊》《彷徨》借助大量人体隐喻塑造人物、传递批判思想。受不同民族生活与文化认知影响，汉、维两种语言中人体词汇的引申表意存在明显区别，若仅采用直译方式，容易弱化原文的修辞内涵。本文以托乎提·巴海经典维吾尔译本为研究材料，以奈达四层功能对等为分析视角，梳理保留喻体、转换喻体、舍弃喻体三类处理方式并开展统计分析。研究发现译者多优先保留原有喻体，遇到文化意象差异时会灵活调整表达。分层对等标准能够从语义、句法、修辞、文化多个维度评析译文，为现当代文学双语隐喻转换提供参照思路。

Abstract: Lu Xun’s “Call to Arms” and “Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio” use a large number of human body metaphors to create characters and convey critical thoughts. Influenced by the different lifestyles and cultural perceptions of different ethnic groups, there are significant differences in the extended meanings of human body-related words in the Chinese and Uyghur languages. If only direct translation is adopted, it is likely to weaken the rhetorical connotations of the original text. This paper takes the classic Uyghur translation by Tu Huzhi as the research material and uses Nida’s four-layer functional equivalence as the analytical perspective. It sorts out three types of processing methods: retaining the metaphor, converting the metaphor, and discarding the metaphor, and conducts statistical analysis. The research finds that translators mostly prefer to retain the original metaphor, and will flexibly adjust the expression when encountering cultural imagery differences. The layered equivalence standard can evaluate the translation from multiple dimensions such as semantics, syntax, rhetoric, and culture, providing reference ideas for the bilingual metaphor transformation in modern and contemporary literature.