低龄老人社区应急志愿服务意愿的类型划分与提升策略研究

Research on the Typical Classification and Enhancement Strategies of Younger Elderly People’s Willingness to Participate in Community Emergency Volunteer Services

摘要: 在积极老龄化与基层应急治理需求不断提升的背景下，低龄老人作为社区中具有时间资源、生活经验和在地优势的重要群体，其参与应急志愿服务对于释放老年人社会价值、补充基层应急力量具有重要意义。本文以低龄老人参与社区应急志愿服务意愿为研究对象，借鉴公民参与阶梯理论，从治理嵌入程度和服务承担程度两个维度出发，对低龄老人参与意愿进行类型划分，并进一步探讨不同类型意愿的提升策略。研究认为，低龄老人社区应急志愿服务意愿并非简单的“愿意”或“不愿意”，而是按照由浅入深的参与层次划分为关注型意愿、表达型意愿、协作型意愿和共治型意愿。基于不同意愿类型，本研究提出激发关注型意愿、培育表达型意愿、转化协作型意愿和深化共治型意愿的分类提升策略，以推动低龄老人形成应急志愿服务意愿，并进一步嵌入社区应急治理中。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of active aging and the continuously increasing demand for grassroots emergency governance, younger elderly individuals, as a crucial group in the community possessing time resources, life experience, and local advantages, play a significant role in unleashing the social value of the elderly and supplementing grassroots emergency response forces through their participation in emergency volunteer services. This paper focuses on the willingness of younger elderly individuals to participate in community emergency volunteer services. Drawing from the ladder theory of civic participation, it categorizes the willingness of younger elderly individuals to participate based on two dimensions: the degree of governance embedding and the degree of service commitment. Furthermore, it delves into strategies to enhance different types of willingness. The study suggests that the willingness of younger elderly individuals to participate in community emergency volunteer services is not a simple “yes” or “no”, but is divided into four types based on a progression from shallow to deep levels of participation: attention-seeking willingness, expressive willingness, collaborative willingness, and co-governance willingness. Based on these different types of willingness, this study proposes categorized enhancement strategies to stimulate attention-seeking willingness, cultivate expressive willingness, transform collaborative willingness, and deepen co-governance willingness. These strategies aim to promote the formation of emergency volunteer service willingness among younger elderly individuals and further embed them into community emergency governance.