从养老负担到长寿红利：银发经济的结构转型与路径重构

From Pension-Burden to Longevity Dividend: Structural Transformation and Path Reconstruction of the Silver-Hair Economy

摘要: 人口老龄化背景下，“养老负担”叙事长期主导政策逻辑，将老年人视为社会资源的消耗者。通过认知转换，老龄化完全可以释放“长寿红利”。实现从“负担”到“红利”的转变，关键在于推动银发经济从“生存型照料”向“发展型参与”的结构转型，具体包括需求端从被动刚需转向主动发展、供给端从碎片化转向集群化、价值端从单一经济核算转向综合价值评估。在此基础上，从产业、技术、治理三个维度重构实现路径，激活老年消费、人力资本与创新潜力，最终构建全龄友好型社会。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of population ageing, the narrative of the “pension-burden” has long dominated policy logic, framing older adults as consumers of social resources. Through cognitive shift, population ageing can well unlock the “longevity dividend”. The key to the transformation from “burden” to “dividend” lies in advancing the structural transformation of the silver-hair economy from “survival-oriented care” to “development-oriented participation”. Specifically, on the demand side, it shifts from passive rigid needs to proactive development-oriented demands; on the supply side, from fragmentation to clustering; on the value side, from mere economic accounting to comprehensive value evaluation. On this basis, this paper reconstructs implementation paths from three dimensions: industry, technology and governance, so as to stimulate elderly-oriented consumption, human capital and innovation potential, and ultimately build an all-age-friendly society.