重复经颅磁刺激治疗ADHD的原理与临床应用

Principle and Clinical Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of ADHD

摘要: 注意缺陷多动障碍是一种常见的神经发育障碍，以注意缺陷和多动、冲动为主要临床特征，分为注意缺陷型、多动–冲动型和混合型，注意缺陷症状不仅损害其学业发展，也会影响人际交往。注意缺陷多动障碍个体与注意力相关的神经网络存在异常，注意缺陷症状具有神经生理学基础。但神经网络具有一定的可塑性，通过干预能够有效调控和改善。重复经颅磁刺激能够无创地、穿透颅骨直接作用于神经网络，对神经系统进行调控，在注意缺陷多动障碍治疗中具有巨大的潜力。本文系统介绍注意缺陷多动障碍的神经生理学基础，分析重复经颅磁刺激的原理和调控神经网络的生理性基础，并综述重复经颅磁刺激治疗注意缺陷多动障碍的临床应用，为注意缺陷多动障碍的临床治疗提供参考。

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It can be divided into attention deficit type, hyperactivity impulsivity type and mixed type. Attention deficit symptoms not only damage their academic development, but also affect their interpersonal communication. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder individuals have abnormal neural networks related to attention, and the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have neurophysiological basis. However, neural network has certain plasticity, which can be effectively regulated and improved through intervention. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has great potential in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) because it can directly act on the neural network and regulate the nervous system. This paper systematically introduces the neurophysiological basis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, analyzes the principle of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and the physiological basis of regulating neural network, and summarizes the clinical application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, so as to provide reference for the clinical treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.