针灸治疗神经性耳鸣的研究进展

Research Progress on Acupuncture Therapy for Neurogenic Tinnitus

摘要: 神经性耳鸣是耳鼻喉科最常见的疾病之一，患者常以无外界声源刺激时出现的耳内或颅内主观声音感知为主要表现，可伴失眠、焦虑、抑郁等症状，严重影响患者日常生活。当前西医对本病尚无特效治疗，其常规干预措施存在一定不良反应风险。针灸治疗本病历史悠久，近年来大量临床研究证实针灸治疗神经性耳鸣具有安全可靠、简便易行的优势，已经成为本病的重要替代疗法。文章综述近年来相关临床研究发现，当前针灸治疗神经性耳鸣的疗法较多，包括电针、头针、腹针、耳针、蝶腭神经节针刺、艾灸、穴位注射及穴位埋线。多项研究表明，对于神经性耳鸣患者，各类针灸疗法均可显著减轻患者耳鸣程度，降低其耳鸣发作频率，并显著改善患者失眠、焦虑、抑郁等伴随症状。然而，目前研究仍存在规范化程度不足、大样本多中心随机对照研究缺乏、作用机制研究不够深入等问题，未来应进一步完善针灸治疗神经性耳鸣的临床操作规范，并加强高质量的随机对照试验及机制研究，为临床应用提供充分科学依据。

Abstract: Neurogenic tinnitus is one of the most common diseases in otolaryngology. Patients typically present with subjective auditory perceptions in the ear or skull without external sound stimuli, often accompanied by symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, and depression, significantly impairing their daily lives. Currently, Western medicine lacks a specific treatment for this condition, and conventional interventions carry certain adverse reaction risks. Acupuncture therapy has a long history, and recent clinical studies have confirmed its safety, reliability, and simplicity, establishing it as an important alternative treatment for neurogenic tinnitus. This review summarizes recent clinical research findings, highlighting various acupuncture techniques used for treating neurogenic tinnitus, including electroacupuncture, scalp acupuncture, abdominal acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, sphenopalatine ganglion acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint injection, and acupoint thread embedding. Multiple studies demonstrate that these acupuncture therapies significantly reduce tinnitus severity, decrease tinnitus frequency, and markedly improve symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, and depression in patients. However, current research faces challenges such as insufficient standardization, a lack of large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trials, and inadequate mechanistic studies. Future efforts should focus on refining clinical protocols for acupuncture therapy and conducting high-quality randomized controlled trials and mechanistic studies to provide robust scientific evidence for clinical application.