基于模拟退火算法的烟幕干扰弹投放策略

Smoke Decoy Grenade Deployment Strategy Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm

摘要: 本文针对无人机投放烟幕干扰弹对来袭导弹实施目标遮蔽的策略优化问题，综合考虑无人机运动、烟幕弹平抛运动、烟幕云团迁移扩散及导弹探测信号衰减等因素，建立烟幕干扰下的投放策略优化模型。首先，根据运动学关系确定烟幕弹投放点和起爆点，引入水平动量继承、背景风场和云团下沉过程，并采用三维高斯烟团模型描述烟幕浓度场的时空演化；随后构建导弹至真目标表面采样点的探测视线，通过视线积分计算等效光学厚度，依据连续信号衰减关系建立有效遮蔽判据，实现遮蔽时长的定量计算。在此基础上，以无人机速度、航向角、投弹时刻和起爆延迟等为决策变量，引入模拟退火算法，依次研究单机单弹、单机多弹、多机单弹以及多机多弹多目标协同优化问题。结果表明，单机单弹参数优化后有效遮蔽时长为4.472 s；单机3弹联合干扰的总有效遮蔽时长达到6.003 s；3架无人机联合优化后对M1的有效遮蔽时长达到12.413 s。进一步采用“任务分配初始化–全局协同模拟退火”框架优化5架无人机对3枚来袭导弹的干扰策略，M1、M2和M3的有效遮蔽时长分别达到11.284 s、7.536 s和3.295 s，系统总有效遮蔽时长为22.115 s。研究结果表明，多烟团浓度叠加及多无人机联合优化能够有效利用烟幕云团在时间和空间上的互补性，显著提高系统整体遮蔽效能，为复杂约束条件下的烟幕干扰弹协同投放提供了定量化建模与优化方法。

Abstract: This study develops an optimization model for UAV-deployed smoke-screen interference against incoming missiles by considering UAV motion, smoke-munition trajectories, smoke-cloud diffusion, and signal attenuation. A three-dimensional Gaussian puff model and line-of-sight integration are used to evaluate effective shielding, while simulated annealing is applied to optimize UAV speed, heading, release time, and detonation delay. The effective shielding durations are 4.472 s for the single-UAV single-munition case, 6.003 s for the single-UAV three-munition case, and 12.413 s for three-UAV cooperative interference against M1. For five UAVs against three missiles, the shielding durations for M1, M2, and M3 are 11.284 s, 7.536 s, and 3.295 s, respectively, with a total of 22.115 s. The results show that multi-puff superposition and joint multi-UAV optimization can significantly improve overall shielding effectiveness under complex constraints.