前列腺癌诊断的最新进展：筛查、影像学检查与穿刺活检的综合评估
Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Screening, Imaging, and Biopsy
摘要: 前列腺癌是男性泌尿生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势，早期精准诊断对改善患者预后至关重要。当前，前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)筛查虽广泛应用于临床，但其特异性不足导致的过度诊断与过度治疗问题日益凸显，亟需更优化的诊断策略。近年来，多参数磁共振成像(mpMRI)、前列腺特异性膜抗原正电子发射断层扫描(PSMA PET/CT)及高分辨率微型超声等先进影像技术的快速发展，显著提升了病灶定位与风险分层能力。
Abstract: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male genitourinary system, with a rising global incidence; early accurate diagnosis is essential for improving prognosis, while conventional prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has insufficient specificity and tends to cause overdiagnosis and overtreatment. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in prostate cancer diagnosis, covering screening, imaging, and biopsy. By retrieving and synthesizing relevant studies and clinical guidelines published in recent years, we summarize progress in serum biomarkers and screening strategies, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), PSMA PET/CT, micro-ultrasound, and prostate biopsy. The integration of multimodal imaging, targeted biopsy, artificial intelligence, and liquid biopsy represents the direction of precision diagnosis, and individualized diagnostic strategies should be implemented based on risk stratification.
文章引用：廖扬, 罗楠阳, 肖文阳, 钟鹏伟, 李辉, 范诗秋. 前列腺癌诊断的最新进展：筛查、影像学检查与穿刺活检的综合评估[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(9): 281-290. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1693046

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