睡眠质量在大学生非自杀性自伤行为与自杀意念关系中的中介作用

The Mediating Role of Sleep Quality in the Relationship between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Ideation among College Students

摘要: 目的：探讨在有非自杀性自伤(NSSI)经历的大学生群体中，睡眠质量在NSSI严重程度与自杀意念之间的中介作用机制。方法：采用电子问卷方式，选取于2025年9月至11月宁夏某高校的268名在校大学生作为研究对象。使用自编非自杀性自伤行为问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表及自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)进行调查。结果：NSSI严重程度与PSQI评分(r = 0.35, P < 0.01)、SIOSS评分(r = 0.41, P < 0.01)均呈显著正相关；PSQI评分与SIOSS评分亦呈显著正相关(r = 0.38, P < 0.01)。睡眠质量在NSSI严重程度与自杀意念之间起显著的部分中介作用，中介效应占总效应的13.33%。结论：在伴有自伤行为的大学生群体中，NSSI不仅直接关联更强的自杀意念，还可通过破坏睡眠质量这一途径增加自杀意念风险。高校在进行危机干预时，不仅应关注情绪症状，还需将睡眠障碍作为重点评估与干预的靶点。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the relationship between the severity of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation among college students with a history of NSSI. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 268 college students from a university in Ningxia, China, between September and November 2025. Participants completed the self-developed NSSI behavior questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS). Results: The severity of NSSI was positively correlated with PSQI scores (r = 0.35, P < 0.01) and SIOSS scores (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). PSQI scores were also positively correlated with SIOSS scores (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). Mediation analysis showed that, after controlling for gender, age, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance partially mediated the association between NSSI severity and suicidal ideation. The indirect effect accounted for 13.33% of the total effect. Conclusion: Among college students with NSSI experiences, greater NSSI severity is associated with higher levels of suicidal ideation, and this association may be partially explained by impaired sleep quality. Therefore, in the assessment and intervention of psychological crises among college students, greater attention should be given not only to emotional symptoms but also to sleep disturbance as an important target for evaluation and intervention.