《额尔古纳河右岸》英译本中文化负载词的变译研究

A Study on Translation Variation of Culture-Loaded Words in the English Translation of The Last Quarter of the Moon

摘要: 《额尔古纳河右岸》英译本由美国汉学家徐穆实翻译，蕴含大量承载鄂温克族独特文化的文化负载词。本研究以变译理论为视角，从增、减、编、述、缩、并、改七种变通手段出发，考察徐穆实英译本中文化负载词的翻译行为。研究将文化负载词划分为生态、物质、社会、宗教和语言五类，对七种变译手段在各类文化负载词中的运用情况进行案例分析。研究发现，七种变译手段在译本中均有所运用，不同手段的选用与词汇的文化属性及语境功能密切相关，反映了译者在文化保留与读者理解之间的动态权衡。

Abstract: The English translation of The Last Quarter of the Moon, rendered by American sinologist Bruce Humes, contains a substantial number of culture-loaded words that carry the unique cultural heritage of the Evenki people. From the perspective of Translation Variation Theory, this study examines Humes’ translation of culture-loaded words through seven techniques: amplification, deletion, edition, narration, contraction, combination, and adaptation. The culture-loaded words are classified into five categories—ecological, material, social, religious, and linguistic—and a case analysis is conducted to investigate how the seven techniques are applied to each category. The findings reveal that all seven techniques are employed in the translation, and the selection of specific techniques is closely related to the cultural attributes and contextual functions of the words, reflecting the translator’s dynamic negotiation between preserving cultural distinctiveness and ensuring reader accessibility.