数字时代电子证据规则的适用困境与完善路径研究

Research on the Application Dilemmas and Institutional Improvement of Electronic Evidence Rules in the Digital Era

摘要: 数字时代，大数据、人工智能等技术的深度普及使电子证据成为司法裁判的核心证据类型。我国已初步构建以诉讼法为基础、司法解释为配套的电子证据规则体系，但面对电子数据无形性、易变性、依附性等固有特征，现行证据规则难以应对技术迭代与司法实践需求，影响司法公正与公信力。本研究分析电子证据的核心特征、证据能力，系统梳理规则适用面临的范畴界定的规则模糊、取证程序规范粗糙、审查判断标准的虚化等困境，在此基础上提出完善建议，旨在构建科学规范、衔接顺畅、务实管用的电子证据规则体系，助力数字司法规范化与法治化进程。

Abstract: In the digital era, the widespread adoption of technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence has made electronic evidence a core type of evidence in judicial adjudication. China has initially established an electronic evidence rule system based on procedural laws and supplemented by judicial interpretations. However, given the inherent characteristics of electronic data—namely, its intangibility, volatility, and dependency—existing rules struggle to keep pace with technological iterations and the demands of judicial practice, thereby affecting judicial fairness and public credibility. Grounded in practical judicial scenarios, this study analyzes the core characteristics and admissibility of electronic evidence. It systematically examines the dilemmas in applying current rules, including ambiguous scope definitions, rudimentary evidence collection procedures, and vague standards for evidence evaluation. Building on this analysis, the study proposes recommendations for improvement, aiming to establish a scientific, well-coordinated, and highly practical electronic evidence system to advance the standardization and rule of law in digital justice.