“内卷式”竞争中竞争重心的偏移——基于马克思主义政治经济学的分析

The Shift of Competitive Focus in “Involutional” Competition—An Analysis Based on Marxist Political Economy

摘要: “内卷式”竞争是当前备受关注的现象之一，其特征是竞争强度持续上升，但技术进步和效率提升却未相应实现。其本质是竞争重心从价值创造转向价值实现，从引导社会总劳动向创新领域有效配置的机制退化为系统性的同质化存量争夺。这一偏移的根源在于资本扩张的强制驱动与价值实现空间相对萎缩之间的矛盾。立足于马克思主义政治经济学，以马克思关于价值创造与价值实现的理论区分为分析基点，分析“内卷式”竞争中竞争功能的变化，将价值生产与价值实现的矛盾进一步聚焦于竞争层面，揭示这一矛盾在竞争领域中具体展开为功能质变的过程。

Abstract: “Involutional” competition is one of the phenomena that is currently receiving much attention. Its characteristic is that the intensity of competition continues to increase, but technological progress and efficiency improvement have not been correspondingly achieved. Its essence is that the focus of competition shifts from value creation to value realization, and the mechanism that guides the effective allocation of total social labor to the innovation field degenerates into a systematic homogeneous stock competition. The root of this deviation lies in the contradiction between the forced drive of capital expansion and the relative shrinkage of value realization space. Based on Marxist political economy, taking Marx’s theoretical distinction between value creation and value realization as the analytical basis, this paper analyzes the changes in the competitive function in the “involutional” competition, further focuses on the contradiction between value production and value realization at the competitive level, and reveals that this contradiction is manifested as a process of functional qualitative change in the field of competition.