新就业形态对工时制度的挑战及应对

New Forms of Employment: Challenges to the Working Time System and Responses

摘要: 平台经济的兴起催生了以在线工作、算法管理、时间自由为核心特征的新就业形态，其特点是碎片化、弹性化、隐蔽化的劳动时间结构，这种新型用工方式在提升劳动灵活性和效率的同时，也冲击了以“固定岗位–固定场所–固定工时”为逻辑前提的传统工时制度。新就业形态的兴起使得传统工时制度面临工作时间认定模糊、特殊工时制度适用困难、及算法控制导致过劳，劳动者休息权难以保障等挑战，亟需构建分层分类的工时认定标准、特殊工时制度的分类规制与弹性化改革以及算法治理的三重维度规制体系，以此理清新就业形态工作模式与传统工时制度之间的矛盾，保障新就业形态劳动者的休息权，进而实现从过度劳动到体面劳动的转变。

Abstract: The rise of the platform economy has given birth to new forms of employment characterized by online work, algorithmic management, and flexible timing. These forms feature fragmented, flexible, and concealed work time structures. While this new mode of employment enhances labor flexibility and efficiency, it also challenges the traditional working hours system, which is based on the logical premise of “fixed position-fixed place-fixed hours.” The emergence of new employment forms has led to ambiguities in determining work hours, difficulties in applying special working hour systems, overwork caused by algorithmic control, and challenges in safeguarding workers’ rest rights. There is an urgent need to establish a tiered and categorized standard for determining working hours, a classified regulation and flexible reform of special working hour systems, and a three-dimensional regulatory system for algorithm governance. These measures aim to clarify the conflict between new employment patterns and the traditional working hours system, protect the rest rights of workers in new employment forms, and facilitate the transition from excessive labor to decent work.