重庆江北机场低能见度天气特征及预报关键点分析

Analysis of Low Visibility Weather Characteristics and Key Forecasting Points at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport

摘要: 为提升重庆江北机场低能见度天气的预报精准度与运行保障效率，本文基于机场地理气候背景、近五年低能见度天气观测数据，系统分析低能见度天气的类型分布、时间特征及关键影响因素，提炼不同类型低能见度天气的预报阈值与核心关注点。结果表明：重庆江北机场低能见度天气频次高、持续时间长，近五年共发生96次，主要分为辐射雾、平流雾及降水相关雾三大类，其中辐射雾对机场运行影响最为显著；地理地形与气候背景为低能见度天气形成提供了基础条件，三跑道建设后雾平流影响加剧，人为活动与环境治理则对雾日数产生双重作用；不同类型低能见度天气在发生时段、持续时长及影响条件上存在明显差异，辐射雾需重点关注水汽、辐射降温、静稳层结及污染物条件的协同满足，平流雾依赖周边辐射雾生成与适宜风场输送，降水类雾则与降水强度、低云位置及层结稳定性密切相关。研究结果可为机场低能见度天气的精准预报与高效应对提供科学参考。

Abstract: To enhance forecast accuracy of low visibility weather and operational efficiency at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, this study analyzes the classification, temporal features and key drivers of low visibility events using the airport’s geographic-climatic background and five-year observational records. Forecast thresholds and critical forecasting considerations for different low visibility weather types are summarized. Low visibility weather is frequent and prolonged at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, occurring 96 times in the past five years. Events are dominated by radiation fog, advection fog and precipitation-associated fog, with radiation fog bringing the most significant impact on airport operations. Geographic topography and climate background provide the basic conditions for the formation of low visibility weather. The third runway construction strengthens fog advection, whereas anthropogenic activities and environmental regulation impose dual effects on fog frequency. The three fog types differ markedly in occurrence timing, duration and favorable conditions. Radiation fog requires combined favorable water vapor, radiative cooling, stable stratification and pollutant levels; advection fog relies on upwind radiation fog and suitable wind transport; precipitation-associated fog is closely linked to rainfall intensity, low cloud location and stratification stability. This research offers scientific support for precise low visibility forecasting and targeted countermeasures at the airport.