网络暴力刑法治理中的“法不责众”困境及其破解路径

The Dilemma of “Law Does Not Punish the Multitude” in Criminal Law Governance of Cyberbullying and Its Resolution Paths

摘要: 本文聚焦于数字互联网背景下网络暴力治理中的“法不责众”困境。研究发现，由于网暴具有“聚量性”特征和裂变式传播速度，其社会危害性远超传统侮辱诽谤。当前司法实务面临规则供给不足、因果关系认定模糊及参与主体庞大等三重规制瓶颈，导致个体责任难以精准划分。为此，论文提出通过扩张解释侮辱罪、重构适配网络精神暴力的因果归责规则，以及构建“首发者、积极参与者、跟风者”梯度差异化追责体系来破解难题，研究旨在纠正“法不责众”的错误认知，在惩治侵权与保障言论自由间寻求平衡，推动网络空间法治化进程。

Abstract: This study focuses on the dilemma of “law does not punish the multitude” within the context of cyberbullying governance in the digital internet era. The research identifies that cyberbullying, characterized by its “aggregative” nature and fission-style transmission speed, possesses social harm far exceeding that of traditional insults and defamation. Current judicial practices face a triple bottleneck: insufficient regulatory supply, blurred determination of causality, and an immense number of participants, making it difficult to precisely allocate individual responsibility. To address these issues, the paper proposes expanding the interpretation of the crime of insult, reconstructing causal imputation rules adapted to online psychological violence, and establishing a graduated, differentiated accountability system for “initiators, active participants, and followers”. Ultimately, the research aims to rectify the misconception of “law does not punish the multitude,” balancing the punishment of infringement with the protection of free speech to advance the rule of law in cyberspace.