谈反义词“顺”“逆”的不对称性

On the Asymmetry of Antonyms “Shun” and “Ni”

摘要: “顺/逆”在语言系统中呈现多维度不对称。词法层面主要表现在义项、构词以及新兴词汇生成机制的差异上；句法层面则体现在充当句子成分的能力及与名词、否定副词的搭配限制上。这种不对称性源于语言系统内部的复杂性、意义引申的范围和外部的经济性原则、认知模式及文化心理等的共同作用。

Abstract: “Shun” and “Ni” present multi-dimensional asymmetry in the language system. At the lexical level, this is mainly reflected in the differences in semantic items, word formation, and the mechanisms of generating new words; at the syntactic level, it is manifested in the ability to serve as sentence components and the restrictions on collocation with nouns and negative adverbs. This asymmetry is the result of the combined effects of the complexity within the language system, the scope of semantic extension, the principle of economy in the external environment, cognitive patterns, and cultural psychology.