《资本论》价值形式理论的历史解读与逻辑解读差异分析

Analysis on the Differences between Historical Interpretation and Logical Interpretation of the Value Form Theory in Capital

摘要: 《资本论》价值形式理论的历史解读与逻辑解读之争，是马克思主义理论界长期存在的核心分歧。本文系统梳理两条解读路径的理论渊源与核心观点，并以《资本论》第一卷1867年德文第一版与1872年德文第二版的文本差异为切入点，剖析二者分歧的文本学根源。研究表明，历史解读路径凸显了价值形式的历史发生学维度，却忽视了不同社会形式的历史特殊性；逻辑解读路径彰显了价值形式的资本主义特征，却易陷入纯逻辑的概念演绎。二者并非截然对立，应在历史唯物主义基础上坚持历史与逻辑相统一的方法，完整把握马克思价值形式理论的深层内涵，为中国特色社会主义实践提供理论支持。

Abstract: The debate over the historical and logical interpretations of the value form theory in Capital represents a long-standing core divergence in the field of Marxist theory. This paper systematically sorts out the theoretical origins and core viewpoints of the two interpretive paths, and takes the textual differences between the first German edition (1867) and the second German edition (1872) of Volume I of Capital as the entry point to analyze the textual roots of their divergence. The study shows that the historical interpretation highlights the historical-genetic dimension of the value form but overlooks the historical particularity of different social forms; while the logical interpretation emphasizes the capitalist characteristics of the value form but tends to fall into pure logical conceptual deduction. The two approaches are not diametrically opposed. We should uphold the method of the unity of history and logic on the basis of historical materialism, fully grasp the profound connotation of Marx’s value form theory, and provide theoretical support for the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.