马克思主义生态观的科学内涵及当代价值

The Scientific Connotation and Contemporary Value of Marxist Ecological View

摘要: 全球生态危机日益凸显，如何协调发展与保护之间的张力，已成为中国式现代化进程中的关键议题。马克思主义生态观以历史唯物主义为方法论，将人与自然的关系置于社会生产方式与制度结构中加以考察，为理解生态危机的本质提供了独特的分析框架。本文首先梳理其理论渊源，继而系统阐释自然先在性、人与自然的辩证统一、物质变换理论及资本主义生态危机本质等核心内涵，在此基础上从辩证思维、绿色转型路径与全球生态正义三个维度，探讨马克思主义生态观对于认识与应对当代生态问题的理论解释力与实践意涵。

Abstract: As global ecological crises become increasingly prominent, how to coordinate the tension between development and protection has emerged as a critical issue in the process of Chinese-style modernization. Grounded in historical materialism as its methodology, the Marxist view of ecology examines the relationship between humanity and nature within the framework of social production modes and institutional structures, thereby offering a distinctive analytical lens for understanding the essence of ecological crises. This paper first traces the theoretical origins of this view, then systematically elaborates its core connotations, including the priority of nature, the dialectical unity of humanity and nature, the theory of material metabolism, and the capitalist roots of ecological crises. On this basis, it proceeds to explore, from three dimensions-dialectical thinking, pathways of green transition, and global ecological justice-the theoretical explanatory power and practical implications of the Marxist view of ecology for comprehending and addressing contemporary ecological issues.