生产实习中建筑给排水缩尺模型教学实践

Scale-Model Teaching Practice for Building Water Supply and Drainage in Production Internship

摘要: 为分析建筑给水排水管道连接实训中规范要求、系统原理和实际使用场景向模型任务转化不足的问题，本文采用教学案例研究方法，以作者参与验收的2025年29组和2026年10组缩尺模型记录为资料，考察首轮反复问题转化为第二轮讲解与检查内容的过程及其落实情况。结果表明，任务前明确讲解的关键要求总体得到落实；仍存问题主要涉及部分规范要求尚未进入学生自查过程、实际使用场景未充分转化为空间判断、安装前尺寸预判与过程控制不足，以及方案选择与所展示优秀模型呈现出较高一致性。基于上述分析，本文提出教师教学组织和学生任务实施两条相互衔接的路径，并构建覆盖专业判断、空间关系、安装质量、功能验证和过程反思的评价框架，可为工程实践课程的任务设计、过程指导与评价提供参考。

Abstract: This study examines the insufficient translation of code requirements, system principles, and real-world use scenarios into model tasks in a building water supply and drainage pipe-connection practicum. A teaching case study was conducted using scale-model assessment records from 29 groups in 2025 and 10 groups in 2026, all assessed with the author’s participation. The analysis focused on how recurring problems identified in the first round were converted into briefing and inspection items for the second round and how these requirements were implemented. The results show that the key requirements explicitly explained before the task were generally implemented. Remaining problems mainly involved the failure to incorporate some code requirements into student self-checking, the insufficient translation of real-world use scenarios into spatial judgment, inadequate dimensional anticipation and process control before installation, and a high consistency of scheme choices with the displayed exemplary model. Based on the analysis, the study proposes two linked pathways for teacher organization and student task implementation, together with an assessment framework covering professional judgment, spatial relationships, installation quality, functional verification, and process reflection. The findings may inform task design, process guidance, and assessment in engineering practice courses.