冶金行业阀门噪声产生机理与控制

Generation Mechanism and Control of Valve Noise in Metallurgical Industry

摘要: 阀门噪声不仅恶化冶金厂区作业环境，危害操作人员职业健康，还会引发管道振动、仪表失灵、设备疲劳损伤。为了控制冶金阀门噪声，本文系统梳理了其产生机理，包括机械噪声、液体动力性噪声及气体动力性噪声，并从结构优化、声学处理等角度，综述了被动降噪与主动降噪技术的国内外研究现状。研究指出，多级节流、共振吸声及低噪声阀体设计等被动降噪技术部分已实现工程化应用，而基于声波干涉相消、压电陶瓷等的主动降噪技术以及基于多物理场仿真的数值模拟技术与“主被动一体化”混合降噪策略也正成为前沿研究方向。

Abstract: Valve noise not only deteriorates the working environment of metallurgical plants and endangers the occupational health of operators, but also causes pipeline vibration, instrument malfunction and equipment fatigue damage. To control the noise of metallurgical valves, this paper systematically sorts out its generation mechanisms, including mechanical noise, hydrodynamic noise and aerodynamic noise. From the perspectives of structural optimization and acoustic treatment, it reviews the domestic and international research status of passive and active noise reduction technologies. Studies indicate that some passive noise reduction technologies, including multi-stage throttling, resonant sound absorption and low-noise valve body design, have been put into engineering application. Meanwhile, active noise reduction technologies based on acoustic wave destructive interference and piezoelectric ceramics, as well as numerical simulation technologies relying on multi-physics field simulation and the hybrid noise reduction strategy integrating active and passive methods, are emerging as cutting-edge research focuses.