中医体质辨识在大学生健康评估中的应用与护理启示

Application of TCM Constitution Identification in College Health Assessments and Its Nursing Implications

摘要: 目的：探讨大学生中医体质分布及其与亚健康症状的关系，为校园精准健康管理提供依据。方法：采用横断面调查，对500名在校大学生进行中医体质与亚健康症状问卷调查，采用统计方法分析体质分布及其与症状的关联。结果：大学生偏颇体质检出率为71.4%，前两位为气虚质(25.0%)和阴虚质(18.8%)。体质分布与性别、运动、熬夜等因素相关(P < 0.05)。多因素分析显示，气虚质与疲劳、注意力不集中显著相关(OR = 3.25, 2.41)，阴虚质与失眠、口干咽燥相关(OR = 2.89, 3.52)，痰湿质与消化不良、身体沉重感相关(OR = 2.95, 3.68)，湿热质与面部油光痤疮相关(OR = 3.11)。结论：大学生偏颇体质普遍，且与特定亚健康症状密切相关。中医体质辨识可作为有效的健康评估工具，为实施个体化校园健康管理提供方向。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution among college students and its relationship with suboptimal health symptoms, providing a basis for precise health management on campus. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using questionnaires on TCM constitution and suboptimal health symptoms among 500 college students. Statistical methods were employed to analyze the constitution distribution and its association with symptoms. Results: The detection rate of unbalanced constitutions among college students was 71.4%, with the top two being Qi Deficiency Constitution (25.0%) and Yin Deficiency Constitution (18.8%). Constitution distribution was correlated with factors such as gender, exercise, and staying up late (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that Qi Deficiency Constitution was significantly associated with fatigue and poor concentration (OR = 3.25, 2.41); Yin Deficiency Constitution was associated with insomnia and dry mouth/throat (OR = 2.89, 3.52); Phlegm-Dampness Constitution was associated with indigestion and body heaviness (OR = 2.95, 3.68); Dampness-Heat Constitution was associated with oily skin/acne (OR = 3.11). Conclusion: Unbalanced constitutions are prevalent among college students and are closely related to specific suboptimal health symptoms. TCM constitution identification can serve as an effective health assessment tool, providing direction for implementing individualized campus health management.