赖斯翻译批评理论视角下《复仇者联盟》系列电影字幕翻译研究

A Study on Subtitle Translation of The Avengers Film Series from the Perspective of Reiss’s Translation Criticism Theory

摘要: 随着全球化影视产业的蓬勃发展，电影字幕翻译成为跨文化传播的重要桥梁。《复仇者联盟》系列作为漫威电影宇宙的巅峰之作，融合了科幻、动作、情感等多重元素。本文以凯瑟琳娜·赖斯(Katharina Reiss)的翻译批评理论为框架，结合其文本类型分类、语言内因素、语言外因素及功能因素四大维度，通过典型案例对《复仇者联盟》系列电影的中英文字幕进行分析。研究发现，赖斯理论对科幻电影字幕翻译具有较强的适配性，复杂信息型长句需兼顾语义完整性与逻辑简洁性，表达型长句应精准传递情感与角色个性，操作型长句需平衡号召力与引导性，语言内、外因素的协同制约着翻译策略的选择，功能因素则为复杂句式的翻译效果提供评估依据。本研究可为科幻电影字幕翻译实践提供理论参考，也为赖斯翻译批评理论在影视翻译领域的应用拓展新的视角。

Abstract: With the vigorous development of the global film and television industry, film subtitle translation has become an important bridge for cross-cultural communication. As the pinnacle of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, The Avengers series integrates multiple elements such as science fiction, action, and emotion. This paper takes Katharina Reiss’s translation criticism theory as the framework, and conducts a systematic analysis of the Chinese and English subtitles of The Avengers series through typical cases, combining its four core dimensions: text type classification, intralingual factors, extralingual factors, and functional factors. The study finds that Reiss’s theory has strong applicability to science fiction film subtitle translation. Complex informative long sentences need to balance semantic completeness and logical conciseness, expressive long sentences should accurately convey emotions and character personalities, and operative long sentences need to balance appeal and guiding nature. The coordination of intralingual and extralingual factors constrains the choice of translation strategies, while functional factors provide an evaluation basis for the translation effect of complex sentence structures. The research can provide theoretical reference for the practice of science fiction film subtitle translation, and also open up a new perspective for the application of Reiss’s translation criticism theory in the field of film and television translation.