电子健康素养对医学生HPV疫苗接种意愿的影响探究

Effect of eHealth Literacy on HPV Vaccination Willingness among Medical Students

摘要: 目的：探讨广东省某医科大学学生电子健康素养与HPV疫苗接种意愿之间的关系，为优化高校健康教育策略提供参考。方法：采用方便抽样法对308名全日制本科生进行问卷调查，运用电子健康素养量表评估其电子健康素养水平，采用SPSS 27.0进行数据分析。结果：医学生电子健康素养总分为(29.85 ± 5.34)分，得分率74.6%，处于中等偏上水平，但批判性评估能力相对薄弱(“评价网上健康资源好坏的能力”得分最低)；79.9%的学生愿意接种HPV疫苗；女性接种意愿(83.2%)显著高于男性(68.6%)；年龄/年级梯度明显，低年级学生(19岁)接种意愿仅50.0%，高年级(22岁)升至90.6%；电子健康素养总分与接种意愿呈显著正向中等强度相关(r = 0.426, P < 0.001)，其中信息应用能力的相关强度最为突出；Logistic回归显示，电子健康素养是接种意愿的独立正向相关因素(OR = 1.528, 95% CI: 1.371~1.702, P < 0.001)。结论：电子健康素养与医学生HPV疫苗接种意愿呈正相关，信息应用能力是影响接种决策的核心环节。建议医学院校将批判性健康信息评估训练融入课程体系，推动健康宣教从“信息供给”向“决策赋能”转型，并着力弥合性别层面的意愿差距。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relationship between eHealth literacy and HPV vaccination willingness among medical students from a medical university in Guangdong Province, and to provide evidence for optimizing health education strategies on campus. Methods: A convenience sample of 308 full-time undergraduate students was recruited to complete a questionnaire survey. The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was used to assess participants’ eHealth literacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Results: The total eHealth literacy score was 29.85 ± 5.34 (74.6% of the maximum score), indicating a moderately high level, while the sub-item score for “ability to evaluate online health information” was the lowest, reflecting a critical appraisal deficit. Overall, 79.9% of students reported willingness to receive the HPV vaccine. Willingness was significantly higher in females (83.2%) than in males (68.6%), and showed a marked age/grade gradient, from 50.0% among 19-year-old junior students to 90.6% among 22-year-old senior students. Total eHealth literacy score was moderately and positively correlated with vaccination willingness (r = 0.426, P < 0.001), with the “information application” sub-dimension showing the strongest association. Logistic regression indicated that eHealth literacy was an independent positive correlate of vaccination willingness (OR = 1.528, 95% CI: 1.371~1.702, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Higher eHealth literacy is positively associated with HPV vaccination willingness among medical students, and the ability to apply health information to decision-making appears is the core component. Medical schools should integrate critical appraisal training into the curriculum, shift the focus of health promotion from “information provision” to “decision empowerment”, and address the disparities in willingness related to gender.