南北麂列岛国家公园种子植物区系分析

Floristic Analysis of Seed Plants in the Nanji and Beiji Islands National Park

摘要: 在充分调查和结合本地资料的基础上，对南北麂列岛国家公园种子植物进行系统分析。结果如下：(1) 南北麂列岛国家公园有种子植物98科、346属、575种，其中裸子植物2科、2属、2种，被子植物96科、344属、573种，以唇形科(Lamiaceae，24种)、豆科(Fabaceae，35种)、菊科(Asteraceae，60种)、禾本科(Poaceae，75种)等大科为主。(2) 分布区类型多样，科、属、种的热带成分占非世界广布类型的64.23%、58.02%和57.08%，具有显著的热带分布特征，这也与其所处的地理位置和气候特征相符。(3) 珍稀濒危植物及重点保护野生植物的种类较为丰富，其中被《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷》收录的植物有17种，包括极危种(CR) 2种，濒危物种(EN) 4种，易危物种(VU) 6种，近危种(NT) 5种。被IUCN收录的共17种，含极危种(CR) 3种，濒危种(EN) 3种，易危种(VU) 6种，近危种(NT) 5种。有保护野生植物有15种，其中国家一级保护植物3种；国家二级保护植物7种；浙江省省重点保护植物5种。(4) 有针叶林、阔叶林、亚热带灌丛、亚热带草甸四大类植被类型，暖性针叶林、常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶灌丛、落叶阔叶灌丛、山地草甸7种植被亚型。(5) 南北麂列岛国家公园不仅有特色物种10科、11属、11种，还有全国唯一一处国家级野生水仙保护地：大檑岛设立的野生水仙核心区。

Abstract: Based on extensive field investigations and local data, a systematic analysis of the seed plants in the Nanji and Beiji Islands National Park was conducted. The results are as follows: (1) The Nanji and Beiji Islands National Park harbors 575 seed plant species belonging to 346 genera and 98 families. Among these, gymnosperms account for 2 species in 2 genera and 2 families, while angiosperms comprise 573 species in 344 genera and 96 families. The flora is dominated by large families such as Lamiaceae (24 species), Fabaceae (35 species), Asteraceae (60 species), and Poaceae (75 species). (2) The areal types are diverse. At the family, genus, and species levels, tropical elements account for 64.23%, 58.02%, and 57.08% of the non‑cosmopolitan types, respectively, exhibiting a pronounced tropical distribution pattern. This is consistent with the geographical location and climatic features of the park. (3) Rare and endangered plants, as well as key protected wild plants, are relatively abundant. Seventeen species are listed in the China Biodiversity Red List—Higher Plants, including 2 Critically Endangered (CR), 4 Endangered (EN), 6 Vulnerable (VU), and 5 Near Threatened (NT) species. Another 17 species are recorded in the IUCN Red List, comprising 3 CR, 3 EN, 6 VU, and 5 NT species. Fifteen wild plant species are under official protection: 3 are Class I nationally protected plants, 7 are Class II nationally protected plants, and 5 are provincially protected key plants of Zhejiang. (4) Four major vegetation types are recognized: coniferous forest, broad‑leaved forest, subtropical scrub, and subtropical meadow. These are further divided into seven subtypes: warm coniferous forest, evergreen broad‑leaved forest, deciduous broad‑leaved forest, mixed coniferous and broad‑leaved forest, evergreen broad‑leaved scrub, deciduous broad‑leaved scrub, and montane meadow. (5) The Nanji and Beiji Islands National Park not only features 11 characteristic species belonging to 11 genera and 10 families, but also harbors the sole national‑level wild narcissus protected area in China—the wild narcissus core zone established on Dalei Island.