面向数字经济的芯片产业链网络结构与韧性研究

Research on Network Structure and Resilience Governance of the Semiconductor Industry Chain from the Perspective of the Digital Economy

摘要: 在数字经济背景下，芯片产业作为关键基础设施，其产业链结构与核心节点对数字产业生态稳定性具有重要影响。本文基于多源数据构建芯片产业链企业间供应–需求关系网络，并建立多层有向网络模型，结合网络指标与熵权TOPSIS方法对节点重要性进行综合识别。研究发现：产业链网络呈现稀疏性、异质性与层级化特征；关键节点主要集中于上游半导体材料、设备、EDA/IP及中游制造与封测环节，表明核心控制点位于供给端与中间制造环节。基于此，应通过数字化协同、关键环节自主可控与风险预警机制提升产业链韧性。研究为数字经济背景下产业链安全治理提供参考。

Abstract: In the digital economy, the semiconductor industry serves as critical infrastructure, and its supply chain structure and key nodes significantly affect the stability of the digital ecosystem. This study constructs a supply-demand network of semiconductor firms based on multi-source data and develops a multi-layer directed network model. Network metrics and an entropy-weighted TOPSIS method are applied to identify key nodes. The results show that the network is sparse, heterogeneous, and hierarchical. Key nodes are mainly concentrated in upstream segments (materials, equipment, EDA/IP) and midstream segments (manufacturing and packaging/testing), indicating that core control points lie in supply and intermediate production stages. Accordingly, enhancing resilience requires digital coordination, greater autonomy in critical segments, and improved risk early-warning mechanisms. The findings provide insights for supply chain governance in the digital economy.