彩色工程水泥基复合材料(C-ECC)的单轴拉伸与压缩行为试验分析

Experimental Analysis of Uniaxial Tension and Compression Behavior of Colored Engineered Cementitious Composites (C-ECC)

摘要: 本研究通过向ECC中掺入氧化铁系颜料(红、黄、绿、蓝)制备彩色工程水泥基复合材料(Colored Engineered Cementitious Composites, C-ECC)。通过轴心抗压试验与单轴抗拉试验，系统研究了颜料种类及掺量(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%)对C-ECC力学性能的影响。结果表明：轴心抗压试验中，氧化铁红与氧化铁黄的最佳掺量均为6%，此时抗压强度分别提升18.8%和33.3%，8%掺量时强度未进一步增长；氧化铁绿在掺量2%时抗压强度最佳(33.80 MPa，提升16.8%)；氧化铁蓝因酞菁蓝组分阻碍水泥水化并劣化纤维分散性，抗压强度显著降低(掺量6%时降幅最高，达35.4%)。单轴抗拉试验中，各C-ECC试件均保持多缝开裂与应变硬化特征；氧化铁红在掺量2%时抗拉强度提升最显著，从5.24 MPa提升至7.17 MPa，提高36.8%，超过4%后强度降低；氧化铁黄在掺量 ≤ 4%时可维持稳定延性，更高掺量导致强度劣化；氧化铁蓝即使在2%低掺量下仍使抗拉强度降低(降幅12.0%)；氧化铁绿在掺量 ≤ 4%时抗拉性能与基准ECC相当。综上，氧化铁红与氧化铁黄可在6%掺量下兼顾色彩与力学性能，氧化铁绿建议低掺(≤2%)，氧化铁蓝需谨慎使用。研究结果可为彩色ECC在建筑装饰领域的工程应用提供配比参考。

Abstract: In this study, colored engineered cementitious composites (C-ECC) were produced by incorporating iron oxide pigments (red, yellow, green, and blue) into ECC. The effects of pigment type and dosage (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% by weight of binder) on the mechanical properties of C-ECC were systematically investigated through axial compression tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The results show that in the axial compression tests, the optimum dosage for both red and yellow iron oxide pigments is 6%, at which the compressive strength increases by 18.8% and 33.3%, respectively; at 8% dosage, no further strength gain is observed. For green iron oxide, the highest compressive strength (33.80 MPa, a 16.8% increase) is achieved at 2% dosage. Blue iron oxide pigment significantly reduces compressive strength, with the maximum reduction reaching 35.4% at 6% dosage, because the phthalocyanine blue component hinders cement hydration and impairs fiber dispersion. In the uniaxial tensile test, all C-ECC specimens exhibited multiple cracking and strain-hardening behavior. Iron oxide red achieved the most pronounced increase in tensile strength at a content of 2%, rising from 5.24 MPa to 7.17 MPa (a gain of 36.8%); strength declined at contents exceeding 4%. Iron oxide yellow maintained stable ductility at contents ≤ 4%, while higher contents led to strength deterioration. Iron oxide blue reduced tensile strength even at a low content of 2% (a decrease of 12.0%). Iron oxide green yielded tensile properties comparable to those of the reference ECC at contents ≤ 4%. Overall, iron oxide red and iron oxide yellow can provide both color and acceptable mechanical performance at a content of 6%; iron oxide green is recommended at low contents (≤2%); and iron oxide blue should be used with caution. These findings offer proportioning guidance for the engineering application of colored ECC in architectural decoration.