社区嵌入式托育服务模式创新、实践困境与治理路径——基于多地实证研究的文献分析

Innovation, Practical Dilemmas, and Governance Pathways of Community-Embedded Childcare Service Models—A Literature Analysis Based on Empirical Studies across Multiple Regions

摘要: 社区嵌入式托育作为普惠托育服务体系的重要组成部分，是实现“幼有所育”目标、构建生育友好型社会的关键举措。本文基于多地实证研究文献，系统梳理了社区嵌入式0~3岁托育服务创新模式，发现当前实践层面仍面临多重困境：政策法规存在结构性矛盾与适应性不足；跨部门协同治理面临职能交叉、信息壁垒等机制性障碍；过度依赖公共资源导致内生发展动力不足；传统育儿观念与专业信任缺失造成社会认知冲突；市场机制不完善引发供需错配与竞争失序。针对上述问题，本文提出系统性的治理路径：强化政策支持与资源整合，优化专业人才队伍建设，通过透明化监管与社会参与增强公众信任，创新智慧化监管与动态评估机制，规范市场秩序并促进品牌化发展，推动代际协同与社区资源整合，以及促进托育服务与家庭教育的深度融合。研究旨在为完善社区嵌入式托育服务的政策设计、优化运营实践及推动其可持续发展提供理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: As a vital component of the inclusive childcare service system, community-embedded childcare constitutes a pivotal initiative to realize the goal of “accessible childcare for all young children” and foster a fertility-friendly society. Drawing on empirical research literature from multiple regions, this paper systematically sorts out innovative models of community-embedded childcare services for children aged 0~3. It identifies several prominent dilemmas prevailing in practical implementation: structural contradictions and inadequate adaptability within policies and regulations; institutional barriers to cross-departmental collaborative governance including overlapping functions and information silos; insufficient endogenous driving force stemming from over-reliance on public resources; conflicts in social perceptions arising from traditional parenting concepts and lack of professional trust; as well as supply-demand mismatch and disorderly competition caused by an immature market mechanism. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a systematic governance approach: strengthening policy support and resource integration, optimizing the development of professional talent teams, enhancing public trust through transparent supervision and public participation, innovating smart supervision and dynamic evaluation mechanisms, regulating market order and facilitating branded development, promoting intergenerational collaboration and community resource integration, and advancing in-depth integration between childcare services and family education. This research aims to provide theoretical foundations and practical references for improving policy design, optimizing operational practices, and advancing the sustainable development of community-embedded childcare services.