“双碳”视角下辽宁林业经济高质量发展的对策探析

An Analysis of Countermeasures for High-Quality Development of Forestry Economy in Liaoning from the Dual Carbon Perspective

摘要: 森林碳汇是北方工业省份平衡区域碳排放、推动绿色转型的核心生态载体。辽宁省作为东北老工业基地，工业减排压力突出，境内林地资源丰富、碳汇空间区域分层特征显著，辽东优质碳汇林区、辽西生态修复增汇区与辽中南高碳排放城市群形成鲜明供需格局，省内已出台系列林业碳汇配套政策，林下经济、森林康养、林业循环加工等低碳产业初步成型。但现阶段辽宁林业发展仍存在林分经营质量不高、碳汇监测计量体系碎片化、碳汇市场化交易与金融转化机制滞后、产业链附加值偏低、区域碳汇供需空间错配、数字技术与复合型专业人才供给不足等现实难题。本文立足辽宁森林资源禀赋与区域发展差异，以森林碳汇赋能林业高质量发展为核心逻辑，从精准提升森林碳汇储量、完善碳汇价值市场化变现渠道、构建“碳汇+”融合低碳产业、健全数字人才制度综合保障体系四个维度提出分区分类优化路径，旨在同步实现森林增汇、产业提质、林农增收、工业降碳多重目标，为北方重工业省份依托陆地生态碳汇推动林业绿色低碳转型提供理论参考与实践方案。

Abstract: Forest carbon sinks serve as the core ecological carrier for northern industrial provinces to balance regional carbon emissions and advance green transformation. As an old industrial base in Northeast China, Liaoning Province faces intense pressure from industrial emission reduction, yet it boasts abundant forestland resources with distinctly stratified regional carbon sink potentials. A sharp supply-demand pattern has taken shape, featuring high-quality carbon sink forest zones in eastern Liaoning, carbon sink enhancement zones through ecological restoration in western Liaoning, and high-carbon-emission urban agglomerations in central and southern Liaoning. A set of supporting policies for forest carbon sinks have been issued within the province, and low-carbon industries such as under-forest economy, forest health and wellness, and circular forestry processing have taken initial shape. Nevertheless, the development of forestry in Liaoning is currently plagued by practical challenges including low-quality forest stand management, fragmented carbon sink monitoring and measurement systems, backward mechanisms for market-based carbon sink trading and financial conversion, low industrial chain added value, spatial mismatch between regional carbon sink supply and demand, as well as insufficient supply of digital technologies and interdisciplinary professionals. Based on Liaoning’s forest resource endowments and regional development differences, this paper centers on empowering high-quality forestry development via forest carbon sinks. It proposes zoned and categorized optimization paths from four dimensions: precisely boosting forest carbon sink reserves, improving market-oriented realization channels for carbon sink values, developing integrated low-carbon industries under the “carbon sink+” model, and establishing a comprehensive guarantee system covering digital technology and talent mechanisms. This research aims to simultaneously achieve multiple goals of increasing forest carbon sequestration, upgrading industrial quality, raising forest farmers’ incomes and cutting industrial carbon emissions, and provides theoretical references and practical solutions for northern heavy industrial provinces to drive the green and low-carbon transformation of forestry relying on terrestrial ecological carbon sinks.