大理地区老年人耳疾和听力减退流行病学分析

An Epidemiological Analysis of Ear Disorders and Hearing Loss in the Elderly Population of the Dali Region

摘要: 我国人口深度老龄化背景下，老年耳疾及听力减退已经上升为十分重要的公共卫生问题，而大理白族自治州地处云贵高原，是典型的多民族聚居区，高原地理环境、少数民族传统生活习俗、长期农耕劳作方式及城乡医疗资源分布不均诸种因素都赋予当地老年人听力健康鲜明、可辨识的地域流行病学特点。因此本文十分自然、妥帖地先系统梳理国内外老年听力损伤相关研究成果，再结合大理地区人口结构、自然环境、民族文化及基层卫生调研资料，归纳总结大理地区老年人耳疾及听力减退的患病率、疾病谱分布规律，继而客观、严谨地分析各类致病危险因素，理清听力筛查、临床诊疗、康复干预各环节现存的主要问题，最后据此提出符合当地实际的防控策略及未来研究方向。全文以此为基础，完善并充实了西南高原少数民族地区老年听力健康研究体系，也由此为大理当地卫生行政部门制定老年听力疾病防控政策、优化基层医疗服务、推进积极老龄化建设都提供了有科学价值的参考依据。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deep population aging in China, ear diseases and hearing loss among the elderly have emerged as a critical public health issue. The Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, located on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, is a typical multi-ethnic region. Factors such as the plateau geographical environment, traditional lifestyle customs of ethnic minorities, long-term agricultural labor practices, and the uneven distribution of medical resources between urban and rural areas have endowed the hearing health of the local elderly with distinctive and identifiable regional epidemiological characteristics. Therefore, this paper naturally and appropriately begins by systematically reviewing relevant research findings on age-related hearing impairment from both domestic and international sources. It then integrates demographic structure, natural environment, ethnic culture, and primary health survey data of the Dali region to summarize the prevalence and disease spectrum distribution patterns of ear diseases and hearing loss among the elderly in Dali. Subsequently, it objectively and rigorously analyzes various pathogenic risk factors, clarifies the major existing problems in the links of hearing screening, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and rehabilitation intervention. Finally, based on these findings, it proposes prevention and control strategies and future research directions that are tailored to local conditions. What is more remarkable is that, on this basis, the paper effectively improves and enriches the research system on hearing health of the elderly in the ethnic minority areas of the Southwest Plateau. In doing so, it provides scientifically valuable references for local health administrative departments in Dali to formulate policies for the prevention and control of age-related hearing diseases, optimize primary medical services, and promote active aging initiatives.