网络治理视角下农村环境政策执行的困境与路径建议——基于粤西B村的过程追踪

Network Governance Perspective on the Dilemmas and Pathways of Rural Environmental Policy Implementation—A Process Tracing Study of B Village in Western Guangdong

摘要: 在当前全面推进乡村振兴的宏观背景下，农村生态环境治理政策执行中普遍存在“政府热、群众冷”的现实困境。研究选取粤西M市A街道B村雨污分流改造项目作为典型案例，基于网络治理理论视角，采用过程追踪方法，整合半结构访谈、项目档案与水环境监测数据的多元证据，系统剖析农村环境治理实践中多元主体由“分歧”转向“协同”的演进逻辑与实现机制。研究表明，治理主体参与不足、治理结构条块化与治理机制失灵是导致施工协调不畅的主要原因；通过实施“主体补位–结构重塑–机制再耦合”的系统性干预策略，镇村两级有效推动了村民由“意见分歧节点”向“协同治理节点”转变，实现了支流水质由劣V类显著提升至IV类，村民满意度提高63个百分点。研究不仅揭示了中国场景下行政主导型网络治理的再耦合机制，也为同类农村环境治理项目提供了可复制、可操作的政策执行路径参考。

Abstract: Under the macro background of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, a practical dilemma of “the government is enthusiastic while rural residents are indifferent” commonly exists in the implementation of rural ecological environment governance policies. This study selects the rainwater and sewage diversion renovation project in Village B of Sub-district A, City M, in western Guangdong as a typical case. From the perspective of network governance theory and using the process-tracing method, it integrates multiple sources of evidence, including semi-structured interviews, project archives, and water environmental monitoring data, to systematically analyze the evolutionary logic and realization mechanisms through which multiple actors shift from “divergence” to “collaboration” in rural environmental governance practices. The research finds that insufficient participation of governance actors, fragmented governance structures, and dysfunctional governance mechanisms are the main causes of coordination difficulties in project implementation. Through a systematic intervention strategy of “actor replenishment-structure reshaping-mechanism re-coupling” by the township and village levels, villagers were transformed from “nodes of disagreement” into “nodes of collaborative governance”. This transformation contributed to a significant improvement in tributary water quality from Grade V (inferior) to Grade IV and a 63-percentage-point increase in villager satisfaction. The study not only reveals the re-coupling mechanism of administratively led network governance in the Chinese context but also provides a replicable and operable policy implementation pathway reference for similar rural environmental governance projects.