农民工返乡创业驱动城乡融合发展的实践机制与政策优化研究——基于眉山市仁寿县2028家创业实体的实证调研

Practical Mechanisms and Policy Optimization of Migrant Workers’ Return-to-Hometown Entrepreneurship Driving Urban-Rural Integrated Development—An Empirical Study Based on 2028 Entrepreneurial Entities in Renshou County, Meishan City

摘要: 农民工返乡创业是驱动城乡融合发展的重要路径。基于眉山市仁寿县2028家创业实体的调研数据，文章实证分析了返乡创业的特征困境、实践机制与政策优化。研究发现：创业主体以男性、初高中学历为主，普遍面临资金短缺、政策触达不足、组织化程度低等困境。创业通过三重机制驱动城乡融合：产业链延伸重构使增值收益留存农村；主体回归吸纳本地就业、激活社会网络；土地流转与资本技术逆向回流实现要素双向流动。政策优化需从“普惠扶持”转向“精准赋能”，构建风险共担金融体系、建立一站式服务窗口、实施差异化产业引导治理模式。研究为西部县域完善返乡创业政策、推进城乡融合发展提供了实证依据与决策参考。

Abstract: Migrant workers’ return-to-hometown entrepreneurship constitutes a vital pathway for driving urban-rural integrated development. Based on survey data from 2028 entrepreneurial entities in Renshou County, Meishan City, this paper empirically analyzes the characteristics, dilemmas, practical mechanisms, and policy optimization of return-to-hometown entrepreneurship. The findings reveal that the entrepreneurial subjects are predominantly male with junior or senior high school education levels, generally facing common dilemmas such as capital shortages, insufficient policy outreach, and low organizational capacity. Entrepreneurship drives urban-rural integration through threefold mechanisms: the extension and restructuring of industrial chains, which retain value-added benefits in rural areas; the return of entrepreneurial subjects, which absorbs local employment and revitalizes social networks; and land transfer alongside the reverse flow of capital and technology, which enables two-way factor mobility. Policy optimization should shift from “universal support” to “targeted empowerment”, by establishing a risk-sharing financial system, setting up one-stop service windows, and implementing differentiated industrial guidance governance models. This study provides empirical evidence and decision-making references for western counties to improve return-to-hometown entrepreneurship policies and promote urban-rural integrated development.