基于数据挖掘分析《景岳全书·疝气》用药规律

Analysis on the Medication Patterns of “Hernia” from Jingyue Quanshu Based on Data Mining

摘要: 目的：运用数据挖掘技术分析《景岳全书·疝气》的用药规律。方法：收集整理《景岳全书·杂证谟》中疝气篇的疝论列方及论外备用方，录入Microsoft Excel 2021，建立疝气用药数据库，并应用SPSS Statistics 27.0、SPSS Modeler18.0分析处方中的用药规律。结果：最终纳入50首处方，以热阵、和阵居多，涉及110味中药。使用频次 ≥ 5的23味中药中，排名前6味分别是甘草、木香、川楝子、小茴香、茯苓、当归。药物功效分类显示补虚药、温里药、理气药占主导地位。药性以温、寒为主；药味中辛、苦、甘三味出现频次高；多归脾、胃、肾、肝经。关联分析得到16组关联药组，其中当归–人参–甘草呈现强关联性，聚类分析得到3类药物组合。结论：基于《景岳全书·疝气》篇所载处方的分析，张介宾治疗疝气以气机为核心，寒湿为主要病因，兼顾虚实寒热变化，强调因证施治，并形成了寒温并用、标本兼顾、气血同调、阴阳兼顾、攻补兼施的用药特色。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the medication patterns of prescriptions for the treatment of “Hernia” in Jingyue Quanshu using data mining technology. Methods: The prescriptions listed in the “Hernia” section, including the formulas recorded in the hernia discussion and supplementary formulas outside the main discussion in Za Zheng Mo from Jingyue Quanshu (Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases), were collected and entered into Microsoft Excel 2021 to establish a database of medications used for hernia. SPSS Statistics 27.0 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used to analyze the database. Results: 50 prescriptions were extracted, with most of them being Rezhen and Hezhen; 110 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine were involved, with 23 high-frequency flavors, the top six being Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix, Toosendan Fructus, Foeniculi Fructus, Poria, and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The primary categories of herbs used were tonifying herbs, warming herbs, and qi-regulating herbs. The herbal properties were predominantly warm and cold, with flavors mainly being pungent, bitter, and sweet, and meridian tropisms focusing on the spleen, stomach, kidney, and liver. Association rule analysis identified 16 strongly associated herb combinations, with Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma showing the strongest association. Cluster analysis classified these herbs into three major combination patterns. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the prescriptions recorded in the Hernia chapter of Jing Yue Quan Shu, Zhang Jiebin’s treatment of hernia was characterized by regulating qi movement as the core principle, recognizing cold-dampness as the primary etiological factor, and considering the dynamic changes of deficiency-excess and cold-heat patterns. His therapeutic strategies emphasized syndrome differentiation and individualized treatment, featuring the combined use of cold and warm medicinals, simultaneous treatment of root and branch, harmonization of qi and blood, regulation of yin and yang, and integration of elimination and supplementation.